LOCATION SPOONERHILL WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Oxyaquic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Spoonerhill sandy loam, on an east-facing slope of 4 percent, in a forested area, at an elevation of about 1,130 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; strong coarse granular structure; friable; many very fine to medium roots and few coarse; 4 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine to medium roots and few coarse; 20 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 14 inches thick)
2Bw2--12 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine to medium roots and few coarse; 15 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (7 to 23 inches thick)
2E/B--16 to 34 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand (E), light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; extends into or surrounds remnants; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; 7 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay bridges between sand grains; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 40 inches thick)
2C1--34 to 46 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; massive; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; depositional plates are present; 8 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2C2--46 to 61 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly loamy sand; massive; friable; few very fine roots; depositional plates are present; 15 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
2C3--61 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly loamy sand; massive; firm; depositional plates are present; 20 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Washburn County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles west of Spooner; located about 1,420 feet east and 100 feet south of the northwest corner of section 28, T. 39 N., R. 13 W.; USGS Spooner topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 50 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 59 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the loamy mantle ranges from 6 to 20 inches. The particle-size control section has a texture of sand or loamy sand, including less than 50 percent (by weight) very fine sand in the fine-earth fraction. Volume of gravel typically ranges from 3 to 35 percent throughout the soil. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout the soil. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the substratum. Masses of iron accumulations are within 40 inches. Saturation occurs within 40 inches at some time in normal years.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. In cultivated areas, the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is sandy loam.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam. Bw horizon with spodic colors have pH of 6.0 or greater or organic carbon content of less than 0.6 percent.
The 2Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
Spoonerhill soils do not have a glossic horizon, although they do have 2E/B or 2B/E horizons. The 2E part has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand. The 2Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loamy sand or the gravelly analogs.
Some pedons have a 2Bt horizon with the same colors and textures as the 2Bt part described above that do not meet the clay increase requirements of an argillic horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 6, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is sand, loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand. Bulk density ranges from 1.80 to 1.85. The 2C horizon has less than 90 percent sand.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Slimlake (T) series. The Slimlake (T) soils formed in glacial outwash, have stratification and has more than 90 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Spoonerhill soils are on glacial moraines of late Wisconsin Age. Slopes range from 2 to 6 percent. These soils formed in a thin mantle of loamy alluvium and sandy alluvium underlain by sandy till or sandy mudflow sediments on disintegration moraines. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 31 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period ranges from about 100 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 1,000 to 1,300 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cress, Graycalm, Fremstadt (T) and Menahga soils. The somewhat excessively drained Cress soils and the excessively drained Graycalm and Menahga soils are on adjacent outwash plains. The well drained Fremstadt (T) soils are on higher landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is moderate. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and moderate slow in the substratum. Spoonerhill soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period September to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in woodland. Native vegetation is dominantly deciduous forest with northern red oak, northern pin oak, white oak, white ash, American basswood, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, American elm, yellow birch, sugar maple, and black cherry the common species. Some areas are used for cropland or pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washburn County, Wisconsin 2003.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
cambic horizon - 3 to 12 inches (Bw1and 2Bw2 horizons);
oxyaquic feature - redoximorphic accumulations and saturation within 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - (Use MI0241) Refer to soil sample number S98WI-129-09 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.