LOCATION FREMSTADT WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Arenic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Fremstadt loamy sand on a north-facing slope of 10 percent, in woodland at an elevation of about 970 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many very fine to medium roots and few coarse roots; 8 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bw1--5 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 5 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid, clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--10 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and fine roots and few medium roots; 5 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid, gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--28 to 33 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid, clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons ranges from 12 to 40 inches thick)
B/E1--33 to 37 inches; 85 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt) (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy sand (E), light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; slightly acid, clear wavy boundary.
B/E2--37 to 45 inches; 60 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay bridges between individual sand grains; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy sand (E), light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the B/E horizons ranges from 6 to 25 inches thick)
BC--45 to 70 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 30 inches thick)
C--70 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand; massive; very friable; 5 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles east of Danbury; 100 feet west and 100 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 42 N., R. 15 W.; USGS Danbury East topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 06 minutes 48 seconds N., and long. 92 degrees 15 minutes 34 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The weighted average of the particle size control section is sand or loamy sand and has less than 50 percent (by weight) very fine sand in the fine-earth fraction. Volume of rock fragements range from 3 to 30 percent as a weighted average throught. Volume of gravel ranges from 3 to 25 percent throughout. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout. Volume of stones ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon, where the soil is limed. Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid in the substratum.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. In cultivated areas, the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy sand or sandy loam.
Some pedons have an Oe or Oa horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 2.5, and chroma of 0 or 1.
The Bw horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy sand or sand. The upper part may be sandy loam. Spodic colors have pH of 6.0 or greater or organic carbon content of less than 0.6 percent.
The B/E or E/B horizons. The Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, loamy sand or the gravelly analogs. The E part has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
Some pedons have a Bt horizon with colors and textures the same as the Bt part described above.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand. Some pedons have pockets or strata of sand, sandy loam or the gravelly analogs.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Two Inlets series. Similar soils are the Keweenaw series. The Two Inlet series have carbonates at depths of 14 to 40 inches. The Keweenaw soils have a spodic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fremstadt soils formed mostly in sandy till or sandy mudflow sediments on disintegration moraines. Slopes range from 1 to 30 percent. These soils formed dominantly in loamy sand till or mudflow sediment. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 900 to 1400 to feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cress, Graycalm, Pomroy, and Spoonerhill soils. The somewhat excessively drained Cress, the excessively drained Graycalm, and the moderately well drained Pomroy soils are on adjacent outwash plains and moraines. The moderately well drained Spoonerhill soils are on slightly lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is low to medium. Permeability is moderately rapid and rapid in the solum and moderately rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in woodland. Native vegetation is dominantly deciduous forest with northern red oak, northern pin oak, white oak, white ash, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, white birch, and red maple. Some areas are used for cropland or pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin and East-central Minnesolta. LRR K, MLRA 91B. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washburn County, Wisconsin 2003. Source of the name is Fremstadt Lake in Burnett County, Wisconsin.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 5 inches (A);
argillic horizon - from 33 to 45 inches (B/E1, B/E2)
ADDITIONAL DATA: