LOCATION STONEWALL               NV

Established Series
Rev. RWW/RLB/WED/JBF
07/2016

STONEWALL SERIES

The Stonewall series consists of very deep, well drained soils on slightly convex fan piedmont remnants. These soils formed in mixed alluvium derived mainly from volcanic tuffs and related rocks. Slopes are 8 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Typic Paleargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Stonewall gravelly fine sandy loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soils unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with 35 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles and 10 percent stones.

A--0 to 10 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) gravelly fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak thin platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine vesicular and few very fine tubular pores; 25 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 13 cm thick)

Bt1--10 to 25 cm; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) very gravelly clay, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many prominent clay films on peds faces and lining pores; 35 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (12 to 20 cm thick)

Bt2--25 to 41 cm; light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many prominent clay films on ped faces and lining pores; 45 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (13 to 30 cm thick)

Bqk--41 to 107 cm; pinkish white (5YR 8/2) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 75 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; few weakly silica-carbonate cemented pockets and seams; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual smooth boundary. (60 to 70 cm thick)

Bk--107 to 155 cm; pink (5YR 7/3) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 75 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; few fine carbonate masses; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8).

TYPE LOCATION: Nye County, Nevada; East of Lida Junction and at the base of the Stonewall Mountains, approximately 1,200 feet south and 3,000 feet east of the projected northwest corner of section 1, T. 5 S. R. 43 E.; USGS Stonewall Spring 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 32 minutes 22 seconds N and longitude 117 degrees 6 minutes 14 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.5394444 latitude, -117.1038889 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist in some part for short periods during the winter and early spring months and for 10 to 20 days following summer convection storms; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 35 to 60 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 55 percent mainly gravel.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.

Bt horizons
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Very gravelly clay, very gravelly clay loam or very gravelly sandy clay.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Thickness of argillic horizon: 25 to 50 cm.

Bqk and Bk horizons
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Very gravelly or extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, very gravelly or extremely gravelly sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 45 to 85 percent weighted average, mainly gravel.
Other features: Weak silica and carbonate cementation in some part; with discontinuous strongly cemented lenses in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Stonewall soils are on slightly convex erosional fan remnants of the fan piedmont. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, mainly volcanic tuffs and related rocks. Slopes are 8 to 15 percent. Elevations are 1,345 to 1,590 meters. The climate is cool and semiarid with cool moist winters; summers are hot and dry with occasional convection storms. The mean annual precipitation is 130 to 200 mm and the mean annual soil temperature is 12 to 14 degrees C. The frost-free season is 120 to 170 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Fuegosta, Izo, Lidan, Stonell, Tomel, and Unsel soils. The Fuegosta soils are clayey and shallow to a duripan. Izo soils are sandy-skeletal and are in wash areas. The Lidan soils have a duripan. Stonell and Unsel soils are loamy-skeletal. Unsel soils also have a weakly developed hardpan. Tomel soils are shallow over an indurated duripan.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderately well saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly spiny menodora, shadscale, spiny hopsage, bud sagebrush and galleta.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwestern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 29.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES PROPOSED: Nye County, Nevada. (Southwest Part), 1982. The name is from the Stonewall Mountains.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
0chric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 10 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 10 to 41 cm (Bt1, Bt2 horizons).
Pale feature - Abrupt textural change from A to Bt horizon.
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 41 cm (Bt1, Bt2 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.