LOCATION SUMMERLAND WA
Established Series
IRD. SMB/PHR/MPR
07/2017
SUMMERLAND SERIES
Landscape--Cascade Mountains
Landform--debris cones, talus slopes
Slope--15 to 100 percent
Parent material--mixed colluvium and volcanic ash
Mean annual precipitation--about 2000 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 5 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--udic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy-skeletal, amorphic Humic Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Summerland extremely stony ashy sandy loam on a north-facing, forested debris cone with a slope of 25 percent and at an elevation of 935 m (When described on October 24, 2012, the soil was moist throughout.)
Oi--0 to 2 cm; slightly decomposed plant material; common very fine and few fine to medium roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary
A--2 to 38 cm; extremely stony ashy sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to coarse roots; common fine interstitial pores; 10 percent fine gravel, 25 percent medium and coarse gravel, 10 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones, and 5 percent boulders; very strongly acid (pH 4.9); clear wavy boundary
Bw1--38 to 84 cm; extremely bouldery ashy sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few medium and coarse roots; common fine interstitial pores; 10 percent fine gravel, 25 percent medium and coarse gravel, 15 percent cobbles, 5 percent stones, and 5 percent boulders; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear irregular boundary
Bw2--84 to 123 cm; extremely stony ashy sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine to medium roots; common fine interstitial pores; 15 percent fine gravel, 30 percent medium and coarse gravel, 10 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones, and 5 percent boulders; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear irregular boundary
Bw3--123 to 150 cm; extremely cobbly ashy sandy loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial pores; 15 percent fine gravel, 15 percent medium and coarse gravel, 25 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones, and 5 percent boulders; strongly acid (pH 5.4)
TYPE LOCATION: Pierce County, Washington, at the northern gated closure of West Side Road, about 5 km northeast of the Nisqually Entrance to Mount Rainier National Park; about 230 m south and 580 m west of the northeast corner of section 23, T. 15 N., R. 7 E., Willamette Meridian; Mount Wow, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle; latitude 46.77672 degrees north, longitude -121.88403 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry less than 45 consecutive days in June through October
Thickness of umbric epipedon--25 to 60 cm
All mineral horizons
*Organic carbon content--3 to 6 percent
*Reaction--4.5 to 6.0
*Volcanic glass content--50 to 75 percent
*Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--greater than 0.4 percent
Particle-size control section
*Clay content--1 to 7 percent
*Rock fragment content--35 to 85 percent total, including 20 to 65 percent gravel, 5 to 30 percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent stones, and 0 to 20 percent boulders
O horizon
*In lieu of texture--slightly decomposed plant material, moderately decomposed plant material
*Thickness--2 to 15 cm
A horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--1 to 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--1 to 3 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand
*Thickness--25 to 60 cm
Bw1 horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--2.5 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
*Chroma--1 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand, ashy coarse sandy loam
*Thickness--20 to 65 cm
Bw2 and Bw3 horizons
*Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
*Value--2.5 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
*Chroma--1 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand, ashy coarse sandy loam
*Combined thickness--40 to 70 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Stilgar--lithologic discontinuity within 100 cm of the soil surface; no andic soil properties below lithologic discontinuity
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--650 to 2000 m
Climate--cool, dry summers; cold, wet winters
Mean annual precipitation--1600 to 2800 mm
Mean annual air temperature--2 to 7 degrees C
Frost-free period--30 to 90 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Frogheaven,
Vantrump,
Wonderland--less than 35 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section; aquic conditions; associated with gentler sloping positions that receive runoff from upslope areas
Ohanapecosh,
Ipsut,
Tatoosh--lithic contact within 50 cm of the soil surface (shallow); associated with areas that have bedrock near surface
Arahustan,
Owyhigh,
Sarvant--lithic contact within 50 to 100 cm of the soil surface (moderately deep); associated with areas that have bedrock near surface
Longmire,
Tipsoo--less than 35 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section; albic and spodic horizons; associated with stable landscape positions on mountain side slopes
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high or very high throughout
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation
Potential natural vegetation--Sitka alder, vine maple, red elderberry, thimbleberry, devils club, salmonberry, fireweed, common beargrass, pachistima, Cascade Oregon grape, and occasional scattered Pacific silver fir, noble fir, western hemlock, western redcedar, mountain hemlock, subalpine fir, and Alaskan yellow-cedar
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Cascade Mountains, Washington; MLRA 3; small extent
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mount Rainier National Park, Pierce County, Washington; 2014; name from Summerland Camp in Mount Rainier National Park
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 2 to 102 cm
*Umbric epipedon--zone from 2 to 38 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 38 to 150 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 2 to 150 cm
*Volcanic glass--zone from 2 to 150 cm
3/2017--This official series description was updated according to SSR1 Technical Note 11--Content and Format of Official Series Descriptions (revised 12/2015). Most of the changes were in formatting; no major technical changes were made.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.