LOCATION STRANDQUIST MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal over loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, frigid Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Strandquist sandy loam with a slightly concave slope of less than 1 percent on a glacial lake plain in a field at and elevation of 1,065 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable, slightly sticky and plastic; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (7 to 12 inches thick)
2Bg1--10 to 24 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; about 60 percent gravel; few to common carbonate coatings on bottom side of rock fragments; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 33 inches thick)
3BCg--24 to 36 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable, slightly sticky and plastic; about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent rounded cobbles and 1 percent cobble sized, disintegrated granite fragments; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and common medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y4/4) Fe concentrations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
3BCdg--36 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)loam; weak coarse prismatic structure with 2-5 mm residual plates; firm, slightly sticky and plastic; few very fine and fine roots on vertical planes; common medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) concentrations on horizontal faces and many medium and coarse grayish brown (10YR 5/2) depletions on vertical faces, about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent rounded cobbles and 1 percent cobble sized, disintegrated granite fragments; common fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) Mn concentrations; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
3Cdg--49 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) loam; massive with residual plates 30-60 mm thick; firm, slightly sticky and plastic; few very fine roots on vertical planes; common fine and medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) coatings on horizontal plates and many medium and light olive gray (5Y 6/2) coatings on vertical fractures; about 4 percent gravel and 1 percent rounded cobbles and 1 percent cobble sized, disintegrated granite fragments; common fine and medium prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) Mn concentrations and few fine dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) Mn masses; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Kittson County, Minnesota; about 5 miles east of the town of Karlstad; 2,500 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 24,T. 159 N., R. 45 W. USGS Twistal Swamp quadrangle Lat. 48 degrees 34 minutes and 51.6 seconds N. and Long 96 degrees 24 minutes 34.6 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 14 inches. Free carbonates are within depths of 10 inches or less. The thickness of the water-sorted upper sediment ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The average content of rock fragments in the upper sediment below depths of 10 inches ranges from 35 to 75 percent. The content of rock fragments in the till ranges from 2 to 15 percent. The rock fragments are mixed in lithology.
The Ap or A horizon has value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
The 2Bg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture in the fine earth fraction typically is coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, or loamy sand, but thin layers of fine sand are in a few pedons. It is slightly or moderately alkaline, and its calcium carbonate equivalent is 5 to 15 percent.
The 3BCg horizon in the Percy till phase have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam. It has 12 to 18 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine and coarser sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 20 to 40 percent.
The 3BCdg horizons in the Percy till phase have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam. It has 12 to 18 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine and coarser sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 20 to 40 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.70 to 1.85 g/cc.
The 3Cdg horizons in the Percy till phase have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. Chroma of 3 may be present in the lower, denser portion of the horizon (3Cdg). This color may also occur on ped interiors with lower chroma occurring on exteriors and along fracture faces. It has textures of sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam. It has 12 to 18 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine and coarser sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 20 to 40 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.75 to 2.00 g/cc.
The 3BCg and 3Cg horizons in the Des Moines till phase have a matrix with hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. There are few to many Fe concentrations. Texture is, loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. It has 18 to 35 percent clay. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline, and the calcium carbonate equivalent is 10 to 25 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.35 to 1.60 g/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: No other series is in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly concave slopes ranging from 0 to 2 percent on lake plains. They formed primarily in 20 to 40 inches of loamy and sandy water-sorted sediments overlying loamy, glacial till. These materials are Late Wisconsinan in age. The mean annual air temperature is 36 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is 19 to 28 inches. Frost-free days range from 88 to 135. Elevation above sea level ranges from 750 to 1,350 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Foxhome, Kratka, Mavie, Pelan, Percy, Radium, Sandberg, and Sioux soils. The moderately well drained Foxhome and Pelan soils formed in material similar to that of the Strandquist soils and are on higher convex positions. The Kratka soils are in similar landscape positions and have less gravel in the upper mantle. The well drained Sandberg and moderately well drained Radium soils are on higher positions. The Mavie and Percy soils have a calcic horizon within 16 inches of the surface. The excessively drained Sioux soils are on higher convex positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured in inches per hour, is 6 to 20 in the upper sediment and .06 to .6 in the underlying till. When not drained, depth to an apparent seasonal high water table is as high as .5 to 1.5 feet at some time from April through June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: About half of these soils are cultivated. Principal crops are small grains and hay. Some is used for growing pasture. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie with scattered trees such as quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 56 and 88. Primarily northwestern Minnesota in the Red River Valley. Moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kittson County, Minnesota, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the surface to a depth of 10 inches (Ap horizon); Cambic horizon - the zone from 10 to 49 inches (2Bg, 3BC and 3BCd horizons); aquic moisture regime based upon low chroma below mollic epipedon; calcareous family due to
free carbonates in all parts between 10 and 20 inches; contrasting family due to texture change at 20 inches; densic contact at 36 to 80 inches(3Cdg1 and 3Cdg2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedon NSSL ID S03MN-069-002 for characterization of the typifying pedon and MAES Central File Code No. 1360 for results of some laboratory analysis of an additional pedon.