LOCATION TIRO OH

Established Series
Rev. DRM
11/2021

TIRO SERIES

The Tiro series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in silty lacustrine deposits, a thin layer of loamy water-sorted material, and the underlying loamy till on water modified till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 cm (36 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tiro silt loam, on a nearly level area in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [(15 to 25 cm 6 to 10 inches) thick]

BE--20 to 28 cm (8 to 11 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt coats on faces of peds; many coarse distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 43 cm (11 to 17 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) on faces of peds; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds and common distinct on horizontal faces; few prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt coats which partially coat clay films; many medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--43 to 58 cm (17 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) on faces of peds; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds and common distinct on horizontal faces; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; many coarse black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide stains; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg--58 to 71 cm (23 to 28 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds and few faint on horizontal faces; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; common coarse black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide stains; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 36 to 61 cm (14 to 24 inches).]

2BCg--71 to 91 cm (28 to 36 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine pores; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary. [5 to 38 cm (2 to 15 inches) thick]

3BCg--91 to 117 cm (36 to 46 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; few fine iron and manganese oxide stains; 5 percent fragments of black shale and some weathered limestone; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 30 cm (12 inches) thick]

3C--117 to 152 cm (46 to 60 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; massive; firm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) streaks along fracture planes; 5 percent fragments of black shale and few limestone; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Crawford County, Ohio; Jefferson Township; 400 feet north of Windfall Road, 2,000 feet east of State Route 602; southeast quarter, southwest quarter, sec. 15, T. 20 N., R. 21 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 76 to 140 cm (30 to 55 inches)
Thickness of the silty lacustrine material: 56 to 91 cm (22 to 36 inches)
Depth to the underlying till: 76 to 102 cm (30 to 40 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 (6 or more dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 or
Texture: silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: moderately acid

E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 0 to 10 cm (4 inches) in cultivated pedons; 8 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches) in undisturbed areas
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 (7 or 8 dry)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Redox features: few to many iron accumulations
Rock fragment content: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

BA or B/E horizons are in some pedons.

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Redox features: faces of peds have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y and chroma of 1 or 2
Rock fragment content: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part and ranges to slightly acid in the lower part

2BC or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy loam or clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

3BC or 2BCg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 24 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Canal, Lauer, Lieber, Taggart, and Westboro series. Canal soils have textures with more than 40 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Lauer, Lieber, Taggart, and Westboro soils have sola thicker than 140 cm (55 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tiro soils are on water modified till plains of late Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in 56 to 91 cm (22 to 36 inches) of silty lacustrine or alluvial materials, (5 to 38 cm (2 to 15 inches) of loamy water-sorted materials, and the underlying loamy low-lime till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 787 to 1016 mm (31 to 40 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bennington, Blount, Cardington, Ellsworth, Fitchville, Glenford, Glynwood, Lykens, and Mahoning soils. The somewhat poorly drained Bennington, Blount, and Mahoning soils are on similar topographic positions but lack the silty upper mantle and thin layer of loamy water-sorted material. The moderately well drained Cardington, Ellsworth, and Glynwood soils formed in till and are on slightly higher topographic positions. Fitchville and Glenford soils formed in silty lacustrine materials; the somewhat poorly drained Fitchville soils are in similar topographic positions, but the moderately well drained Glenford soils are on slightly higher topographic positions. The moderately well drained Lykens soils formed in similar materials but are on higher landscape positions or on slopes adjacent to drainageways.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high depending upon slope gradient. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part of the solum and moderately low in the lower part. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and moderately slow or slow in the lower part.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are used for cropland or permanent pasture. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and mixed hay are the principal crops. Native vegetation is deciduous hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern and central Ohio; MLRAs 111E and 139. The type location is in MLRA 111E. The series is of moderate extent, about 75,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, Ohio, 1971.

REMARKS: The Tiro series is marginal to fine-loamy.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (Ap, E horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 71 cm (Bt, Btg horizons).
Aquic conditions:

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are available for CR-26, the typical pedon.

Classification only was changed in 11/94, competing series and other changes will be made later.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.