LOCATION TOINE AREstablished Series
TYPICAL PEDON: Toine loam--pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 in); brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; common fine pores; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
A--18 to 33 cm (7 to 13 in); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; common fine pores; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--33 to 79 cm (13 to 31 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; few fine pores; patchy thin clay films on faces of peds and in pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (12 to 24 inches thick)
Bt2--79 to 112 cm (31 to 44 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; few fine faint pale brown and yellowish brown mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (9 to 20 inches thick)
Bt3--112 to 140 cm (44 to 55 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; common fine distinct gray and faint yellowish brown mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)
BC--140 to 183 cm (55 to 72 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Howard County, Arkansas; 4 miles west of Mineral Springs on State Highway 27, then 2 1/2 miles northwest on dirt road; on Starch Creek. SE1/4SW1/4SE1/4 sec. 7 T. 10 S., R. 28 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 114 to 183 cm (45 to over 72 in). Coarse fragments of quartz, shale, and sandstone less than 8 cm (3 in) in diameter ranges from 0 to 15 percent by volume throughout.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3
or Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 2 or 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Reaction: ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid
BA horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR or 7.5 YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam or loam
Reaction: ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
Upper Bt horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 4
or Hue 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 4 or 6
or Hue 7.5YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 6 or 8
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The upper 51 cm (20 in ) of the Bt horizon has 18 to 26 percent clay and 20 to 50 percent silt.
Reaction: strongly acid or very strongly acid.
Lower Bt horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 4
or Hue 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 4 or 6
or Hue 7.5YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 6 or 86
Texture: loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
Redoximorphic features: The redoximorphic features in the lower part of the Bt are lacking in some pedons and are not definitive for the series. Some horizons have Iron-manganese nodules and masses from few to common.
Reaction: strongly acid or very strongly acid.
BC horizon
Has colors and reactions similar to those in the lower Bt horizon.
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam
The Bt horizon is dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, 5/6), or brown (7.5YR 4/4). It is sandy clay loam or loam. The upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon have 18 to 26 percent clay and 20 to 50 percent silt. The Bt horizon is strongly acid or very strongly acid. The gray mottles in the lower part of the Bt and in the BC horizon are lacking in some pedons and are not definitive for the series. The BC horizon has colors like the Bt horizon. It is fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These include Armour, Bernaldo, Bolivar, Bosket, Dexter, Dossman, Hicks, Masada, Sallisaw, and Stiversville series. Armour, Dexter, Dossman, and Hicks soils have less than 15 percent particles coarser than very fine sandy in the control section. In addition, Armour soils have reddish brown lower B and C horizons and Dossman soils are red throughout the solum. Bernaldo and Sallisaw soils have colors in the upper B horizon that are redder than 10YR hue, and have color values of more than 4; in addition, Bernaldo soils have siliceous mineralogy and Sallisaw soils are very gravelly below about 36 inches. Bolivar soils overlie sandstone at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Bosket soils have surface layers more than 6 inches thick that have color value of less than 3.5. Masada soils have base saturation of less than 35 percent at 50 inches below the upper boundary of the B horizon. Stiversville soils have phosphatic limestone bedrock at about 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toine soils are on low stream terraces of the Coastal Plain. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. The soil formed in mixed loamy alluvium from Coastal Plain Blackland prairie, limestone, and/or sandstone and shale sources. The average annual temperature at the type location is about 63 degrees F.; average annual precipitation is about 48 inches. Flooding occurs about once every 1 to 5 years.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Blevins, Iuka, Myatt, Ochlockonee, Ozan, and Ruston soils. Blevins and Ruston soils are on adjoining uplands and have stronger profile development with B horizons of high chromas. Iuka and Ochlockonee are alluvial soils which lack diagnostic subsurface horizons. Myatt and Ozan soils are poorly drained, gray soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used for pasture and hay, with some cultivated for soybeans. Native vegetation includes oaks, gum, ash, maple, hickory, and pine forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Coastal Plain of Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Howard County, Arkansas; 1970.
OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 8/83.
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