LOCATION TOLL                    NV+CA OR

Established Series
Rev. WED/ELS/TM/JBF
05/2016

TOLL SERIES

The Toll series consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in eolian deposits and alluvium from mixed rocks. The Toll soils are on alluvial fans and terraces and have slopes of 0 to 15 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Xeric Torripsamments

TYPICAL PEDON: Toll sand--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 10 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist, single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots many very fine and fine interstitial pores slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 13 cm; thick)

A2--10 to 30 cm brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.7), clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

C1--30 to 51 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial, and common very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

C2--51 to 137 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary. (50 to 90 cm thick)

C3--137 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.7).

TYPE LOCATION: Douglas County, Nevada; approximately 270 feet south and 50 feet west of the N1/4 corner of sec. 28, T.14N., R.20E.; USGS McTarnahan Hill 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 3 minutes 18 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 44 minutes 36 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.0550000 latitude, -119.7427778 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, mainly during the summer and early autumn, but are moist in late winter and early spring; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 10 to 12 degrees C.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.

Particle-size control section - Texture: Averages loamy sand.
Rock fragments: average less than 5 percent.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Structure: Single grain or massive.
Other features: In some areas, the surface has been hummocked by wind action.

C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist
Texture: Stratified loamy sand, sand, and coarse sand.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Berent, Goldrun, Grandora, Hotsprings, Incy, Lachim, Painter, Ouincy, Quinton, Rinquin, Walco, Winchester and Zorravista series.

Berent soils have loamy fine sand particle-size control sections, chroma of 4 in the C horizon, are slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and dominantly are calcareous within depth of 100 cm. Goldrun soils have fine sand particle-size control sections that are calcareous in the lower part and are slightly alkaline or strongly alkaline. Grandora and Hotsprings soils have particle-size control sections with more than 5 percent gravel. Incy soils average loamy sand of granitic eolian origin. Lachim, Painter, Quinton, Rinquin, and Walco soils are moderately deep to bedrock. Quincy and Winchester soils have particle-size control sections dominated by dark basaltic mineral grains.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toll soils are on alluvial fans, dunes, fan piedmonts, and terraces at elevations of 1,220 to 1,680 meters. Slopes are 0 to 20 percent. These soils formed in alluvium and eolian deposits derived from mixed rocks. Climate is cool, semiarid with a mean annual precipitation of 200 to 300 mm. The mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C. The frost-free season is about 80 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Godecke, Haybourne and McFaul soils. Godecke soils have argillic horizons. Haybourne soils have coarse-loamy control sections and cambic horizons. McFaul soils have fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal control sections and argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; slow or very slow runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Toll soils are used for rangeland, wildlife habitat, recreation, and as a source of sand. The vegetation is principally desert peach, big sagebrush, rabbitbrush, horsebrush, cheatgrass, Indian ricegrass, needlegrass and squirreltail.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Valleys of western Nevada, eastern California and southeast Oregon, MLRA 26 and 23. The soil is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Carson City Area, Nevada, 1975.

REMARKS: Toll soils were classified as Alluvial soils.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A and part of A2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (C1 and parts of the A2 and C2 horizons).

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.