LOCATION TONIGUT UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tonigut loam, 40 to 70 percent slopes, on a northeast facing, concave-convex, 70 percent slope in a Douglas fir forest at an elevation of 7,500 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi-- 0 to 2 inches; slightly decomposed leaves, twigs, duff and needles. (1 to 2 inches thick)
A1--2 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium roots; few very fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary.
A2--6 to 11 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium roots; few very fine interstitial pores; 5 percent channers; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the A horizon ranges from 9 to 20 inches thick)
Bw1--11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent channers; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, few coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 15 percent channers; very slightly effervescent, 2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, carbonates are disseminated; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bw horizon ranges from 8 to 21 inches thick)
Bk1--21 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very channery loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; slightly effervescent, 4 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, carbonates are disseminated and segregated as thin coats on undersides of rock fragments; 50 percent channers; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--30 to 43 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely channery loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; slightly effervescent, 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent, carbonates are disseminated and segregated as thin and moderately thick coats on undersides of rock fragments; 75 percent channers; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bk horizon ranges from 22 to 34 inches thick)
Cr--43 to 52 inches; weathered shale; vertical cracks are more than 4 inches apart; fine and very fine roots follow cracks 3 to 6 inches into the layer.
R--52 inches; unweathered shale bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Uintah County, Utah; about 35 miles south of Bonanza, Utah; located about 1,700 feet west and 1,275 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 3, T.15S., R.25E., SLBM; Rat Hole Ridge, Utah USGS quad; lat. 39 degrees 32 minutes 15 seconds N. and long. 109 degrees 6 minutes 4 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depths are measured from the top of the mineral soil surface.
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is affected by precipitation that falls evenly throughout the year with a slight increase in the late summer and early fall. Udic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 40 to 44 degrees F.
Mean annual summer soil temperature: 54 to 58 degrees F.
Depth to paralithic contact: 40 to 60 inches to weathered shale bedrock.
Depth to lithic contact: 40 to 60 inches to unweathered shale bedrock.
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 19 to 34 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 32 inches
Particle-size control section: 18 to 27 percent clay and 35 to 65 percent rock fragments (predominantly channers from fine grained sandstone and shale)
A horizon:
Value: 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent
Bw horizon:
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Rock fragments: 10 to 30 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
Bk horizon:
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: Current competitors are the Baconcamp, Gateview, Hapgood, Hobacker, Papaspila, Povey, and the Spearhead series. Competitors prior to the Seventh Edition, 1996 Keys to Soil Taxonomy are the Behanin, Belsac, Blanca, Caballo, Campone, Croesus, Darland, Dateman, Harcany, Lionhead, Lolon, Marcetta, Nagitsy, Namela, Nazaton, Nevtah, Poleline, Prong, Snag, Snopec, and the Splitbutte series.
Baconcamp, Belsac, Croesus, Dateman, Nagitsy, Namela, Nevtah, Prong, and Splitbutte: have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Behanin, Caballo, Darland, Gateview, Harcany, Hobacker, Lionhead, Marcetta, Nazaton, Papaspila, Snopoc, and Spearhead: do not have bedrock within a depth of 60 inches.
Blanca: have acid igneous rock fragments.
Campone: have redox concentrations.
Darland, Poleline, Povey, and Snopec: have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
Hapgood , Povey, and Snag: do not have accumulations of secondary calcium carbonate and have soil moisture control sections that are influenced by a xeric precipitation pattern.
Lolon: have a lithological discontinuity at 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: colluvium over residuum derived from sedimentary rocks.
Landform: mountain slopes.
Slopes: 40 to 70 percent
Elevation: 7,000 to 8,400 feet (predominantly northerly aspects)
Mean annual air temperature: 38 to 42 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 22 to 28 inches.
Frost-free period: 50 to 70 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Saddlehorse, Soward, and Tosca series.
Saddlehorse and Tosca soils occur on mountain slopes and have calcic horizons.
Soward soils occur on stream terraces and are very deep.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, high runoff, moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: The major uses are wildlife habitat and recreation. The potential native plant community is Douglas-fir, mountain lover, snowberry, Oregon-grape, bluegrass, needlegrass, sedge, and quaking aspen. This soil has been correlated to the High Mountain Very Steep Loam (Douglas-fir)- 048AY530UT range site in Utah.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Utah. LRR E, MLRA 48A. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Uintah County, Uintah Area Soil Survey, Utah, 1998. The name is taken from a nearby geographic location.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 2 to 30 inches. (A1, A2, Bw, Bw2, Bk1 horizons)
Paralithic contact: The contact with weathered shale at 41 inches. (Cr horizon)
Lithic contact: The contact with unweathered shale at 50 inches. (R horizon)
The cation exchange activity class was inferred from laboratory data from similar soils in the Uintah Area Soil Survey.
Taxonomic version: Seventh Edition, 1996.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Calcium carbonate equivalent determined by calcimeter.