LOCATION TOTANANG IN

Established Series
Rev. MLW-TJE
11/2021

TOTANANG SERIES

The Totanang series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that are deep or very deep to calcareous, stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. The Totanang soils formed in loess and in the underlying loamy and gravelly outwash. They are on outwash plains and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1016 mm (40 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Totanang silt loam, on a convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 216 meters (708 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many very fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--23 to 30 cm (9 to 12 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches).]

Bt1--30 to 56 cm (12 to 22 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--56 to 86 cm (22 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]

2Bt3--86 to 109 cm (34 to 43 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt4--109 to 137 cm (43 to 54 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 14 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt5--137 to 158 cm (54 to 62 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay bridges between sand grains; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 22 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 51 to 89 cm (20 to 35 inches).]

3C--158 to 203 cm (62 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; 40 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Warren County, Indiana; about 1 mile east of Stewart; 2,450 feet west and 800 feet north of the southeast corner in sec. 8, T. 22 N., R. 9 W.; USGS West Lebanon, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 21 minutes 43.37 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 27 minutes 44.44 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 460742 easting and 4468048 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess: 61 to 152 cm (24 to 60 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches)
Depth to carbonates: greater than 102 cm (40 inches)

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Some pedons have an AB horizon or a BA horizon.

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: clay loam, loam, or sandy loam in the upper part and gravelly sandy loam or gravelly loamy sand in the lower part
Clay content: 10 to 28 percent
Rock fragment content: 5 to 14 percent in the upper part and 15 to 25 percent in the lower part
Reaction: moderately acid in the upper part ranging to slightly alkaline in the lower part

3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: gravelly coarse sand, very gravelly coarse sand, or gravelly loamy coarse sand
Sand content: averages 89 percent
Rock fragment content: 15 to 50 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Assumption, Aviston, Barrington, Blackberry, Buckhart, Catlin, Clare, Dana, Danabrook, Geryune, Graymont, Harrison, Keltner, and Saybrook series. Assumption soils have more than 28 percent clay in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Aviston and Buckhart soils are more than 152 cm (60 inches) to horizons with more than 20 percent sand. Barrington soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Blackberry soils average less than 89 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Catlin, Dana, Danabrook, Geryune, Graymont, and Harrison soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Clare soils have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Keltner soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Saybrook soils are less than 102 cm (40 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Totanang soils are on outwash plains and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in 61 to 152 cm (24 to 60 inches) of loess and in the underlying loamy and gravelly outwash. These soils are deep or very deep to calcareous, stratified sandy and gravelly outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 914 to 1092 mm (36 to 43 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F). Frost-free period ranges from 150 to 180 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Lafayette, Mahalaland, and Waupecan, soils. The somewhat poorly drained Lafayette soils have grayer profiles and are in slightly lower lying positions on the landform. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Mahalaland soils have dominantly gray profiles and are in lower lying areas. The well drained Waupecan soils are on slightly higher landform positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 76 to 107 cm (2.5 to 3.5 feet) during the winter and spring in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the loess, high in the outwash subsoil, and very high in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the loess, moderately rapid in the outwash subsoil, very rapid in the underlying material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, wheat, and meadow are the main crops. A small proportion is in permanent pasture or woodland. In areas that are forested, oaks and maple are the most common tree species. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses, chiefly blue stem.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West-central Indiana; MLRA 111D, and possibly in MLRAs 110 and 108A. The type location is in MLRA 111D. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warren County, Indiana, 1998.

REMARKS: This soil was mapped as Waupecan, moderately wet, in Tippecanoe and Warren Counties Indiana. Transect information from these counties indicate the need for a new series. Loess capping was typically thicker than Tippecanoe. The typical pedon above was previously correlated Waupecan, moderately wet, in Warren County.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 30 cm (Ap, A horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 158 cm (Bt, 2Bt horizons).

Representative NASIS data mapunit for this pedon is DMU ID 153444 in MO 11.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.