LOCATION DANA                    IL+IN OH

Established Series
Rev. TJE-SEW-AAC
06/2023

DANA SERIES

The Dana series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in loess or other silty materials and in the underlying loamy till on till plains. Permeability is moderate. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 10 degrees C (50 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is 991 mm (39 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Dana silt loam - on a north-east facing slope of 3 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 706 feet above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches) thick]

Bt1--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--38 to 64 cm (15 to 25 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots between peds; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--64 to 81 cm (25 to 32 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 30 to 71 cm (12 to 28 inches).]

2Bt4--81 to 97 cm (32 to 38 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films along root channels and pores; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine and medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 3 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5--97 to 135 cm (38 to 53 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium and coarse vesicular and tubular pores; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films along root channels and pores; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6--135 to 147 cm (53 to 58 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots between peds; common medium and coarse vesicular and tubular pores; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films along root channels and pores; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]

2C--147 to 203 cm (58 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; massive; firm; few fine and medium vesicular and tubular pores; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium irregular brown (10YR 4/3) iron-manganese accumulations on horizontal fracture planes; few fine to coarse rounded yellowish red (5YR 5/8) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; few medium spherical black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese nodules throughout; common medium rounded and irregular white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium carbonate nodules throughout; 7 percent fine and medium gravel; violently effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Edgar County, Illinois; about 4 miles north and 2.5 miles east of Newman, Illinois; 1,810 feet north and 750 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 16 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Newman topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees, 51 minutes, 21 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees, 56 minutes, 05 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16S 0420044E, 4412174N; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 81 to 152 cm (32 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to horizons with more than 20 percent fine sand or coarser: 56 to 102 cm (22 to 40 inches)
Average silt content in the horizons formed in till: less than 50 percent
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent fine sand or coarser

Ap and/or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: typically silt loam, but severely eroded pedons are silty clay loam.
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

BA horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam
Average clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Average sand content: less than 15 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay loam
Average clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Average sand content: 20 to 40 percent
Average gravel content: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2BC horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline with carbonates commonly present

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: dominantly loam but is clay loam in the upper part of some pedons.
Average clay content: 15 to 30 percent
Average sand content: 20 to 45 percent
Average gravel content: 1 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline with carbonates present

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Assumption, Aviston, Barrington, Blackberry, Buckhart, Catlin, Clare, Danabrook, Geryune, Graymont, Harrison, Keltner, Saybrook, and Totanang series. Assumption soils average more than 30 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Aviston soils have less than 20 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Barrington, Blackberry, and Clare soils are stratified in the lower half of the series control section with textures containing more than 40 percent sand. Buckhart soils have less than 7 percent sand throughout the series control section. Catlin and Harrison soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to horizons containing more than 20 percent sand. Danabrook and Geryune soils have hue of 7.5YR and generally average more than 40 percent sand in the lower half of the series control section. Graymont and Saybrook soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) and are typically less than 81 cm (32 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Keltner soils have a paralithic contact within the series control section and has more than 30 percent clay in the lower part. Totanang soils have more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dana soils formed in loess or other silty materials and the underlying loamy till and are on till plains of Wisconsinan Age. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 8 to 12 degrees C (46 to 54 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1067 mm (32 to 42 inches), frost-free period ranges from 160 to 190 days, and elevation ranges from 183 to 311 meters (600 to 1,020 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Catlin, Drummer, Flanagan, Raub, and Wyanet soils. Catlin soils are on similar landform positions where the loess mantle is thicker. The poorly drained Drummer soils are in depressions and drainageways. The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan and Raub soils are on lower landform positions. The well drained Wyanet soils are on backslopes below the Dana soils where the loess mantle is thinner.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. A perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 2.0 to 3.5 feet at some time between February and April in most years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometer per second). Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn, soybeans, or small grains. A few small areas are used for pasture and hay. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses, chiefly blue stem.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and east-central Illinois, west-central Indiana, and southwestern Ohio. The series is of large extent in MLRA 108A and is of moderate extent in MLRA 111.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Vermillion County, Indiana, 1930.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from 28 to 147 cm (11 to 58 inches) (Btl, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4, 2Bt5, and 2Bt6 horizons);
lithologic discontinuity - at a depth of 81 cm (32 inches) (contact between the Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons);
udic moisture regime;
mesic temperature regime.
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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.