LOCATION TULIA TX

Established Series
Rev. RM-TCB
09/2022

TULIA SERIES

The Tulia series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy, calcareous eolian sediments derived mainly from the Blackwater Draw Formation of Pleistocene age. These soils are on very gently to strongly sloping plains. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 48 cm (18 in.) and the mean annual temperature is 15 degrees C (59 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, carbonatic, thermic Calcidic Paleustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tulia loam, on a gently sloping plain, 5 percent slope in native grassland at an elevation of about 945 m (3,100 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in); brown (7.5YR 5/3) loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common very fine and fine roots; about 10 percent by volume calcium carbonate nodules and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 30 cm thick).

Bkk--15 to 43 cm (6 to 17 in); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4), moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common very fine and fine roots; about 40 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 41 cm thick. )

Btkk--43 to 74 cm (17 to 29 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few very fine and fine roots; few faint discontinuous clay films on ped surfaces; about 55 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 66 cm thick).

Btk1--74 to 117 centimeters (29 to 46 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), moist; weak coarse prismatic parts to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots; few distinct discontinuous clay films on ped surfaces; about 35 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Btk2--117 to 147 cm (46 to 58 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), moist; weak coarse prismatic parts to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few very fine roots; common distinct discontinuous clay films on ped surfaces; about 30 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (combined horizons 50 to 80 cm thick)

2Btk3--147 to 188 cm (58 to 74.0 inches); reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6), sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few very fine roots; few faint discontinuous clay films on ped surfaces; about 20 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (40 to 60 cm thick).

2Btk4--188 to 203 cm (74 to 80 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and pink (7.5YR 7/3), sandy clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/3), moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few very fine roots; few faint discontinuous clay films on ped surfaces; about 17 percent by volume calcium carbonate masses, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates; half to one-inch-thick lenses of gravels; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

TYPE LOCATION: Floyd County, Texas; from the intersection of US Hwy 70 and US Hwy 62 in Floydada; about 5.5 miles south on US Hwy 62; 0.1 mile east on CR 300; 0.3 mile southeast on ranch road in rangeland. Latitude: 33 degrees, 54 minutes, 6.70 seconds N; 101 degrees, 21 minutes, 13.10 seconds W; Floydada, Texas: USGS quad WGS 84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 220 days, cumulative, in normal years.
July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 15 to 18 degrees C (59 to 64 degrees F)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in).
Depth to calcic horizon: 10 to 40 cm (5 to 15 in.) thick
Calcium carbonate by weight in control section: 40 to 60 percent
Particle-size control section: total clay ranges from 18 to 35 percent and carbonate-free clay ranges from 8 to 17 percent.
Solum thickness: more than 203 cm (80 in.) thick
Surface fragments: 0 to 5 percent, gravel size, strongly cemented carbonate nodules and fragments.

Ap or A horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Note: If moist value and chroma are less than 3, the horizon is less than 18 cm (7 in thick).
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: 3 to 15 percent by volume in the form of filaments, films, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderately alkaline

Bkk horizons (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 5 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: 40 to 70 percent by volume in the form of filaments, films, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 25 to 60 percent
Effervescence: violent
Reaction: moderate to strongly alkaline

Btkk horizons:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: 50 to 65 percent by volume in the form of filaments, films, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Effervescence: violent
Reaction: moderate to strongly alkaline

Btk horizons:
Hue: 5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 6 to 7 dry, 5 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: 25 to 45 percent by volume in the form of filaments, films, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 35 percent
Effervescence: violent
Reaction: moderate to strongly alkaline

2Btk horizons (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 7.5YR
Value: 6 to 7 dry, 5 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam
Visible secondary calcium carbonate: 15 to 25 percent by volume in the form of filaments, films, nodules, and finely disseminated carbonates
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Reaction: moderate to strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Flomot series. Similar soils include the Arch, Bovina,, Mansker, and Posey series.
Arch and Veal soils do not have an argillic horizon.
Bovina and Mansker soils have mollic epipedons.
Flomot soils formed in loamy alluvium of Miocene-Pliocene age (Ogallala Formation).
Posey soils have a fine-loamy particle-size class.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Loamy, calcareous sediments derived mainly from eolian deposits of the Blackwater Draw Formation of Pleistocene age .
Landform: very gently to moderately sloping plains adjacent to draws or escarpments Slopes: 1 to 12 percent.
Mean annual air temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F).
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 533 mm (17 to 21 in)
Frost-free period: 185 to 220 days
Elevation: 945 to 1,433 m (3,100 to 4,701 ft).
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the similar Estacado, Mansker, and Posey series, and the Acuff, Amarillo, Berda, Olton, Potter, and Pullman series.
Estacado, Mansker, and Posey soils are on similar landscape positions.
Acuff and Amarillo soils are on slightly higher landscape positions have mixed soil mineralogy, and the depth to a calcic horizon is between 76 and 152 cm (30 to 60 in).
Berda soils are on lower landscape positions and have mixed soil mineralogy and a cambic horizon.
Olton and Pullman soils are on slightly higher landscape positions and have mixed soil mineralogy and a mollic epipedon.
Potter soils are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a loamy-skeletal particle-size class.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability; surface runoff is low on 1 to 5 percent slopes, and medium on 5 to 12 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION: Primarily used for rangeland. Where cultivated, the principal crops are grain sorghum, small grains, and forage crops. Climax vegetation is mainly mid and short grasses and includes blue grama, sideoats grama, and buffalograss, with lesser amounts of vine-mesquite, western wheatgrass, galleta or tobosa, silver bluestem, wild alfalfa, and prairie clover with a light to moderate overstory of mesquite. This soil has been correlated to the Limy Upland (R077CY022TX) range site in MLRA-77C.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern High Plains of Texas (MLRA 77C in LRR H). The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Swisher County, Texas; 1970.

REMARKS: This soil was formerly included in the Posey and Mansker series. After review of the lab data, the taxonomic family particle-size class was changed from fine-loamy to coarse-loamy in 2022.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 in) (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: 43 to 203 cm (17 to 80 in) (Btkk, Btk, and 2Btk horizons)
Calcic horizon: 36 to 114 cm (14 to 45 in) (Bkk, Btkk, Btk and 2Btk horizons)
Lithologic Discontinuity: 147 to 203 cm (58 to 80 in) (2Btk horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL Data - S99TX153002 (Floyd County, Texas), S2021TX045120A (Briscoe County, Texas).

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.