LOCATION TUMI                    AK

Established Series
MJS/CBB
11/2024

TUMI SERIES

Depth class: moderately deep to bedrock, lithic
Drainage class: well drained
Parent material: gravelly loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum weathered from sandstone and shale
Landscape: mountains
Landform: mountain slopes, valley sides
Slopes: 25 to 70 percent
Mean annual precipitation: about 450 mm (18 in)
Mean annual air temperature: about -4 degrees C. (25 degrees F.)
Frost-free period: 65 to 90 days

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal over fragmental, mixed, superactive Typic Haplocryepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Tumi channery loam in a lichen and dwarf shrub community on a northeast facing convex, linear nose slope on a slope of 38 percent at an elevation of 390 m (1,280 ft)

Oe--0 to 6 cm (0 to 2 in); channery moderately decomposed plant material, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist, brown (7.5YR 5/3) dry; many very fine and common fine roots; 20 percent channers; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 14 cm, 1 to 6 in thick)

A--6 to 9 cm (2 to 4 in); channery loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist, light brown (7.5YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; nonsmeary; common fine roots throughout; very fine irregular pores; 25 percent channers; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary. (1 to 17 cm, 0.5 to 7 in thick)

Bw--9 to 27 cm (4 to 11 in); very channery loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; nonsmeary; very fine irregular pores; 10 percent flagstones, 30 percent channers; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 50 cm, 6 to 20 in thick)

C1--27 to 67 cm (11 to 26 in); extremely flaggy sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist, gray (10YR 6/1) dry; structureless massive; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky, nonplastic; nonsmeary; medium and fine interstitial pores; 30 percent channers, 35 percent flagstones; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary. (25 to 60 cm, 10 to 24 in thick)

2C2--67 to 90 cm (26 to 35 in); flagstones; medium and fine interstitial pores; 95 percent flagstones. (10 to 40 cm, 4 to 16 in thick)

2R--90 to 115 cm (35 to 45 in); strongly cemented to indurated sandstone and shale bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION: Nulato Hills - Continental Divide and Blackburn Hills Soil Survey Area, Alaska; latitude 64 degrees 30 minutes 11.61 seconds north, longitude 160 degrees 18 minutes 40.18 west, datum WGS84, UTM north 7153742.26 and UTM east 437027.60, zone 4W, datum WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture regime: udic
Soil temperature regime: cryic
Mean annual soil temperature: 0 to 3 degrees C. (32 to 37 degrees F.)
Thickness of organic material: 2 to 14 cm (1 to 6 in)
Thickness of ochric epipedon: 3 to 31 cm (1 to 12 in)
Thickness of cambic horizon: 15 to 50 cm (6 to 20 in)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 33 to 100 cm (13 to 40 in)
Depth to lithic contact: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 in)

Oe horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR, or 10YR
Value: 2 to 3 moist, 4 to 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: moderately decomposed plant material or its channery analogues
Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent
Channers: 0 to 25 percent
Organic matter: 60 to 90 percent
Reaction class: moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 2 to 3
Texture: loam, silt loam, or their channery analogues
Sand: 15 to 52 percent
Silt: 36 to 80 percent
Clay: 4 to 12 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent
Channers: 0 to 30 percent
Organic matter: 2 to 8 percent
Reaction class: moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)

Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 2 to 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: very or extremely channery loam or silt loam
Sand: 15 to 52 percent
Silt: 31 to 79 percent
Clay: 6 to 17 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent
Channers: 25 to 60 percent
Flagstones: 5 to 20 percent
Organic matter: 1 to 4 percent
Reaction class: moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)

C1 horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 4 moist, 5 to 6 dry
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: extremely flaggy or channery sandy loam or silt loam
Sand: 25 to 75 percent
Silt: 11 to 69 percent
Clay: 6 to 14 percent
Rock fragments: 60 to 80 percent
Channers: 5 to 55 percent
Flagstones: 25 to 65 percent
Organic matter: 0.4 to 2 percent
Reaction class: moderately acid to neutral (pH 5.6 to 7.3)

2C2 horizon:
Texture: flagstones
Rock fragments: 90 to 100 percent
Flagstones: 90 to 100 percent

2R horizon

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Drywolf (MT) and Kunjik (AK) series.
Drywolf soils are very deep and form in rockslide deposits, frost shattered residuum, and colluvium from mixed igneous sources.
Kunjik soils have silt loam surface textures, non-flat fragments, and form in loess over gravelly loamy residuum weathered from slate.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation: 180 to 700 meters (590 to 2,300 feet)
Parent material: gravelly loamy colluvium over gravelly residuum weathered from sandstone and shale
Landform: mountain slopes, valleys
Slopes: 25 to 70 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 400 to 600 mm (16 to 24 in)
Mean annual air temperature: -6 to -1 degrees C. (21 to 30 degrees F.)
Frost free period: 65 to 90 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Urgiilik, Iyagak, Iyyagrik, Nunanjiak, Tui, Kulik, and Myoukchuk soils.
Urgiilik soils have silt loam surface textures and occur on mountain slopes on backslope positions.
Iyagak soils do not have a lithic contact within 200 cm (79 in) and occur on mountain slopes on swales.
Iyyagrik soils have a mollic epipedon, are deep to lithic contact at depths between 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in), and occur on mountain slopes on backslope positions.
Nunanjiak soils have volcanic glass at depths between 14 to 155 cm (6 to 61 in) and occur on mountain slopes on backslope positions.
Tui soils do not have lithic contact within 200 cm (79 in), have a lithologic discontinuity at depths between 23 to 200 cm (9 to 79 in), and occur on mountain slopes on backslope positions.
Kulik soils have a mollic epipedon and occur on mountain slopes on upper backslope and shoulder positions.
Myoukchuk soils are deep to paralithic contact at depths between 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in) and occur on mountain slopes on backslope positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class: well drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: very high in the Oe and 2C2 horizon and moderately high to high in the A, Bw, and C1 horizons
Permeability: rapid to very rapid in the Oe horizon, moderate to moderately rapid in the A and Bw horizons, moderate to rapid in the C1 horizon, and very rapid in the 2C2 horizon
Runoff: high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use: wildlife habitat, recreation, and subsistence
Native vegetation: Flavocetraria culcullata, greygreen reindeer lichen, black crowberry, marsh Labrador tea, dwarf birch, snow lichen, purple marshlocks, rhytidium moss, and Bigelow's sedge.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 240, Nulato Hills-Southern Seward Peninsula Highlands. The series is of large extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Wasilla, Alaska

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nulato Hills - Continental Divide and Blackburn Hills Soil Survey, Alaska, 2024.

REMARKS: Diagnostic features and horizons recognized in this profile include:

Particle-size control section: 31 to 90 cm (12 to 35 in)

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 9 cm (0 to 4 in) (Oe and A horizons)

Cambic horizon: 9 to 27 cm (4 to 11 in) (Bw horizon)

Lithologic discontinuity: 67 to 115 cm (26 to 45 in) (2C2 and 2R horizons)

Lithic contact: 90 cm (35 in) (2R horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA:

User pedon ID: 2021AK180793

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.