LOCATION TEKENINK                MI

Established Series
Rev. KFH-MCB-AWD
02/2014

TEKENINK SERIES

The Tekenink series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in sandy loam till. These soils are on ground moraines, recessional moraines, or end moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 813 mm (32 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 8.9 degrees (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tekenink loamy sand, on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.

Ap--0 to 33 cm (13 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parts to weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots and common very fine roots; 7 percent subrounded mixed gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 36 cm (5 to 14 inches) thick]

E/B--33 to 82 centimeters (13 to 32 inches); 85 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand and 15 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots and few very fine roots; 5 percent patchy faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridges on all faces of peds; 3 percent subrounded mixed cobbles and 7 percent subrounded mixed gravel; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 74 cm (29 inches) thick]

B/E--82 to 180 centimeters; 58 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam and 42 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on all faces of peds; 3 percent subrounded mixed cobbles and 5 percent subrounded mixed gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) thick]

Bt--180 to 200 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; 12 percent clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine pores; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on all faces of peds; 3 percent subrounded indurated mixed gravel; noneffervescent; neutral. [20 to 76 cm (8 to 30 inches) thick]

TYPE LOCATION: Montcalm County, Michigan; about 1 miles southwest of the village of Entrican; 2,360 feet west and 1,455 feet north of the southeast corner of Sec. 15, T. 11 N., R. 7 W.; USGS Langston topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 20 minutes 24.3 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 7 minutes 58.9 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 89 cm (35 inches) or more
Depth to carbonates: 89 cm (35 inches) or more
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and cobbles throughout
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral in the solum

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 5 or more dry
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR or is neutral
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam

E part of the E/B or B/E horizon:
Amount of E material: ranges from 15 to 75 percent
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam
Brittleness: brittle when dry; less than 40 percent of the horizon is brittle

Bt part of the E/B and B/E horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: ranges from 10 to 22 percent clay, but averages between 10 to 18 percent clay
Brittleness: brittle when dry; less than 40 percent of the horizon is brittle

BC horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 7
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam

Some pedons have Bk horizons with colors and textures similar to those of the Bt horizon.

C horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam; pockets of sand or loamy sand in some pedons
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

A sandy substratum phase below 152 cm (60 inches) is recognized.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Steamburg series. Steamburg soils have textures that average less than 52 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tekenink soils are on ground moraines, recessional moraines, and end moraines of Wisconsinan age. Slopes are dominantly 2 to 18 percent and range from 0 to 40 percent. The Tekenink soils formed in sandy loam till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 965 mm (28 to 38 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.3 to 10.0 degrees C (47 to 50 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The somewhat poorly drained Teasdale soils and the poorly drained Barry soils form a drainage sequence with Tekenink soils. Spinks and Oshtemo soils are nearby in most areas. Spinks soils do not have continuous argillic horizons. Oshtemo soils do not have glossic horizons and, in addition, are underlain by gravelly sand.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to high depending on the slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: The more gentle slopes are used for general farming with small grains, legume-grass hay, corn and dry beans being the principal crops. Potatoes comprise a major acreage in some areas. Steeper slopes are used for woodland or permanent pasture. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods. Tree species include sugar maple beech, oak, basswood, and black cherry.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 96, 97, and 98 in central Michigan. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Isabella County, Michigan 1983.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 43 cm (17 inches) (A and E horizons).
Glossic horizon: from a depth of43 to 158 cm (17 to 62 inches) (E/B and B/E horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 114 to 183 cm (45 to 72 inches) (Bt part of B/E horizon and Bt horizon).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.