LOCATION VILLAGE IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty over clayey, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Village silt loam, on a north-facing, convex slope of 13 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; about 5 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) streaks and pockets; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 23 centimeters (5 to 9 inches) thick]
BE--20 to 25 centimeters (8 to 10 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 13 centimeters (0 to 5 inches) thick]
Bt1--25 to 41 centimeters (10 to 16 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--41 to 58 centimeters (16 to 23 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--58 to 66 centimeters (23 to 26 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--66 to 79 centimeters (26 to 31 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong coarse angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; about 2 percent channers; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 97 centimeters (15 to 30 inches).]
2Bt5--79 to 91 centimeters (31 to 36 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable; few medium roots; many distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redox concentrations; about 2 percent channers and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt6--91 to 112 centimeters (36 to 44 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse angular blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; firm; few medium roots; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; few medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) redox concentrations; about 2 percent channers and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt7--112 to 127 centimeters (44 to 50 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay with about 10 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few medium roots; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese or iron-manganese coats on faces of peds; about 2 percent channers and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt8--127 to 145 centimeters (50 to 57 inches); mixed brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few medium roots; common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on upper surfaces of peds and stones; few black (10YR 2/1) manganese or iron- manganese coats on upper surfaces of peds and stones; about 2 percent channers and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 51 to 89 centimeters (20 to 35 inches).]
3Bt9--145 to 152 centimeters (57 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/2) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; about 5 to 10 percent sandstone fragments; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills; Allamakee County, Iowa subset; about 5 miles west and 4 miles south of New Albin; about 207 meters (680 feet) west and 140 meters (460 feet) south of the northeast corner of section 25, T. 100 N., R. 5 W.; USGS New Albin quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 27 minutes 20 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 22 minutes 30 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to dolomite bedrock--greater than 152 centimeters ( greater than 60 inches)
Clay content in the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 30 percent
Clay content in the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 70 percent
Sand content in the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent
Sand content in the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 35 percent
Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--12 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
A horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--12 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Thickness--5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches)
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--12 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Thickness--8 to 20 centimeters (3 to 8 inches)
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR
Value--3 to 7
Chroma--3 to 8
Texture--clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content--35 to 70 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--extremely acid to slightly acid
2BC horizon (when present):
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content--30 to 70 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to moderately alkaline
3Bt and 3C horizons (when present):
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--stratified sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, clay or clay loam
Clay content--15 to 45 percent
Sand content--15 to 65 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Thickness of the 3Bt horizon--0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches)
COMPETING SERIES: This is the New Glarus series.
Newglarus--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within a depth of 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) of loess and the underlying clayey pedisediment or residuum
Landform--convex ridgetops and side slopes on dissected uplands
Slopes--5 to 25 percent
Elevation--213 to 396 meters (700 to 1,300 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--76 to 91 centimeters (30 to 36 inches)
Frost-free period--145 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Allamakee,
Downs,
Fayette, and
Paintcreek soils.
Allamakee--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Village soils and have thicker, darker-colored surface layers
Downs and Fayette--are at higher elevations on less sloping, broader ridgetops and do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Paintcreek--are at lower elevations on side slopes and have a clay content of 40 to 60 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high or high in the loess and moderately low in the clayey pedisediment or residuum
Surface runoff potential--medium or high, depending on slope
USE AND VEGETATION:
The more gently sloping areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, small grains and legume hay. The more steeply sloping areas are pastured or wooded. The native vegetation is deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Wisconsin driftless section
MLRA-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; northeastern Iowa
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Allamakee County, Iowa, 1991
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 39 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons);
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 152 centimeters (0 to 60 inches) (Ap, BE, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6, 2Bt7, 2Bt8, and 3Bt9 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches) (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 25 to 152 centimeters (10 to 60 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6, 2Bt7, 2Bt8, and 3Bt9 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data, pedon number 86IA005035 (NSSL).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska--pedon numbers 86IA005035 and 86IA005042 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).