LOCATION VINJE IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Vinje silty clay loam on a convex slope of about 3 percent cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
A--9 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) coatings on faces of peds; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; few fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
AB--15 to 20 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; few mixings of brown (10YR 4/3); black (10YR 2/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) coatings on faces of peds; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; firm; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches)
Bt1--20 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky; firm; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--26 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; brown (10YR 4/3) coatings on faces of peds; common fine distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine and very fine subangular blocky; firm; few fine tubular pores; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films; few black (10YR 2/1) fills in root channels; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--33 to 43 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; brown (10YR 4/3) coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) mottles; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine tubular pores; few faint olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay films; few strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) concretions (iron oxides); neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 14 to 28 inches.)
2BC--43 to 46 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) coatings on faces of peds; common fine faint olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure; friable; few black (10YR 2/1) organic fills in old root channels; few fine black (10YR 2/1) concretions (iron and manganese oxides); neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
2C--46 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; friable; few fine black (10YR 2/1) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) concretions (iron and manganese oxides); few calcium carbonate accumulations in thread-like streaks; slight effervescence; mildly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Hancock County, Iowa; about 7 miles southwest of Garner; 770 feet east and 56 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 16, T. 95 N., R. 24 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of solum and depth to free carbonates typically are about 40 to 50 inches but range from 30 to 60 inches. Thickness of the moderately fine and fine textured sediments typically is about 40 to 50 inches but range to as much as 70 inches or more in thickness in some pedons. Clay content of the sediments ranges from about 35 to 45 percent. Sand content typically ranges from about 5 to 15 percent. The sand is mostly fine or very fine in size. Coarse or very coarse sand typically is absent in the sediments, but small shale fragments make up as much as 5 percent of the volume in some pedons. The solum typically is neutral or slightly acid in the upper 40 to 50 inches and mildly to moderately alkaline below these depths. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 24 inches thick.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and value of 1 or 2. The AB horizon is very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) or dark brown (10YR 3/3). A BA horizon is in some pedons.
The Bt horizon has 10YR hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4 in the upper part, but the lower part ranges to hue of 2.5Y. Coatings that are about one value or chroma lower than the matrix color are on most faces of the peds. Few to common low and high chroma mottles are in the lower part of the Bt horizon of most pedons. A BC or C horizon is in some pedons.
The 2BC and 2C horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. The 2BC and 2C horizons are loam or clay loam with about 20 to 30 percent clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kamrar series in the same family and the Bode, Collinwood, Kingston, and Truman soils. Kamrar soils contain more sand in the upper glacial or lacustrine sediments and are underlain by glacial till within depths of 24 to 40 inches. Bode soils are fine-loamy. Collinwood and Kingston soils have lower chroma in the upper part of the B horizon. Truman soils are fine silty.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Vinje soils are on convex knobs and side slopes on glacial moraines or lake plains. The topography is hummocky with high surface relief. Slope gradients range from 2 to 14 percent. These soils formed in 40 to 70 inches or more of glacial lacustrine sediments overlying glacial till. The sediments are late Wisconsinan in age and contain less than 25 percent sand. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 25 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Collinwood and Kamrar soils and the Marna, Storden, and Waldorf soils. Collinwood, Marna, and Waldorf soils are on nearly level areas. These soils have lower chroma in the upper part of the B horizon. Kamrar soils are on similar or slightly lower lying areas on the landscape. Storden soils formed in calcareous glacial till and are on side slopes below the Vinje soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately well drained. Surface runoff is medium to rapid. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly cropped to corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hays. Native vegetation was tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In the Wisconsin till area of north central Iowa and possibly southern Minnesota. The soils of this series are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winnebago County, Iowa, 1986.
REMARKS: Few faint clay films are present in the B horizon of most pedons; however, the laboratory data indicates that there is not a sufficient increase in clay for an argillic horizon. This soil was correlated as a Collinwood Variant in Dickinson County, Iowa.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 20 inches (Ap, A, AB horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from approximately 20 to 46 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2BC horizons).