LOCATION VOATS                   OR

Established Series
Rev. CTH/RWL/CSW
06/2016

VOATS SERIES

Landscape--Columbia basalt plateau
Landform--flood plains
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Parent material--alluvium
Mean annual precipitation--460 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Fluventic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Voats fine sandy loam in an area of idle land, on a 0.5-percent slope at an elevation of 830 m

A1--0 to 5 cm; fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 10 percent fine gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary

A2--5 to 13 cm; fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; strong thin platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few coarse tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary

A3--13 to 25 cm; fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few coarse tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary

AC--25 to 41 cm; sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary

2C--41 to 150 cm; very gravelly sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; single grain; loose; few very fine roots in upper 25 cm; many pores; 35 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 7.2)

TYPE LOCATION: Union County, Oregon, about 800 m east of Island City, on the bank of the Grande Ronde River; about 105 m north of the southwest corner of section 35, T. 2 S., R. 38 E.; La Grande, Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 45.3413889, longitude -118.0336111, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from PLSS details)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--8 to 12 degrees C
Soil moisture--usually moist, but dry between depths of 30 and 90 cm 60 consecutive days or more following summer solstice
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 50 cm
Depth to stratified loamy sand and sand--25 to 50 cm
Depth to bedrock--150 cm or more
Reaction--6.6 to 7.8

Particle-size control section
*Content of rock fragments--more than 35 percent
*Content of very fine sand--less than 50 percent

A horizon
*Value--2 or 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--1 to 3 moist or dry
*Content of rock fragments--0 to 30 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
*Combined thickness--13 to 51 cm

AC horizon, or 2AC horizon (where present)
*Value--2 or 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--2 or 3 moist or dry
*Structure--subangular blocky, massive
*Content of rock fragments--0 to 40 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
*Combined thickness--0 to 20 cm

2C horizon
*Texture--stratified sand and loamy sand
*Content of rock fragments--0 to 10 percent stones, 0 to 30 percent cobbles, and 10 to 45 percent gravel

COMPETING SERIES:
Camas--mean annual precipitation of 1000 mm; slightly acid or moderately acid in C horizon; 20 to 50 percent rock fragments in upper 38 cm of profile
Freewater--loamy in upper part; mean annual soil temperature of about 13 degrees C

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevations--490 to 1220 m
Climate--cool, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--300 to 640 mm
Frost-free period--50 to 120 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Catherine, La Grande--fine-silty
Umapine--coarse-silty; somewhat poorly drained; salt affected
Veazie--contrasting textures; more than 50 cm deep to stratified sand and very gravelly sand; mollic epipedon more than 50 cm thick

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high over very high
Flooding--frequent or occasional, brief periods during snowmelt and spring runoff; rare periods in areas protected by manmade structures

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, recreation
Potential native vegetation--bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass, sedges, rushes, and scattered willow, alder, hawthorn, and rose

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Upland valleys of northeastern Oregon; MLRAs 9, 10, and 43; small extent

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Union County, Oregon; 1978

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from surface to a depth of 41 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm
*Fluventic feature--mollic epipedon 41 cm thick; irregular decrease in organic carbon with increasing depth, based on parent material

05/2016--The Voats official series was used in an update project of some riparian areas southeast of Pendleton in Umatilla County, Oregon. Wide ranges in climate were populated in NASIS due to the nature of the lotic riparian areas along several km of a stream. Flooding is rare in incised stream channels in the project areas.

6/2016--This official series description was updated according to SSR1 Technical Note 11--Content and Format of Official Series Descriptions (revised 12/2015).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.