LOCATION WAKAMUTICHAM WA
Established Series
Rev. PNP/KDPL/SBC
09/2019
WAKAMUTICHAM SERIES
Landscape--plateaus, hills
Landform--structural benches, hillslopes, ridgetops
Slope--0 to 35 percent
Parent material--volcanic ash mixed with loess and material derived from basalt
Mean annual precipitation--about 510 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 9 degrees C
Depth class--deep and very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Vitrandic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Wakamuticham ashy fine sandy loam under a coniferous forest, on a 3-percent, north-northeast-facing top of a plateau at an elevation of 1050 m (The soil was dry when described. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 5 cm; grass, pine cones and needles
A1--5 to 13 cm; ashy fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and common medium roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); NaF pH 10.1; gradual smooth boundary
A2--13 to 28 cm; ashy fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak very fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 3 percent cobbles and 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.3); NaF pH 10.1; gradual wavy boundary
AB--28 to 48 cm; fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and medium and few coarse roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.3); NaF pH 9.8; clear wavy boundary
Bt1--48 to 69 cm; loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; common moderately thick clay films on ped faces and in pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary
Bt2--69 to 97 cm; gravelly loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common moderately thick clay films on ped faces and in pores; common medium roots; common very fine tubular pores; 25 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary
2Bt3--97 to 150 cm; very gravelly loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few coarse roots; common very fine tubular pores; few thin clay films on ped faces and in pores; 50 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.5); abrupt smooth boundary
R--150 cm; fractured basalt
TYPE LOCATION: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington, about 11 km southeast of Mill Creek Guard Station; about 620 m east and 690 m north of the southwest corner of section 21, T. 8 N., R. 16 E.; latitude 46.1641998, longitude -120.8159484, datum WGS 84 (coordinates estimated from section, township, and range)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Moisture control section--usually moist, but dry 60 to 75 consecutive days following summer solstice
Depth to bedrock--100 to 150 cm or more
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--8 to 10 degrees C
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 45 cm
Particle-size control section--averages 18 to 30 percent clay; 5 to 25 percent rock fragments in upper part, 35 to 60 percent in lower part, and weighted average of 15 to 35 percent
Volcanic ash influence--upper 20 to 35 cm of mineral soil material
Percentage of surface covered with stones--0.01 to 0.10 percent in some pedons
A horizon
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5
Combined thickness--18 to 38 cm
AB horizon
Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 20 cm
Bt horizon
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 moist or dry
Texture--loam, gravelly loam
Reaction--6.1 to 7.3
Combined thickness--36 to 69 cm
2Bt horizon
Value--5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--3 or 4 moist or dry
Texture of fine-earth fraction--loam, clay loam
Basalt fragment content--35 to 90 percent
Thickness--25 to 56 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Buckbay--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a paralithic contact (andesite); dry more than 100 consecutive days
Georgecreek--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a paralithic contact (granodiorite)
Hillcreek--vitrandic feature 50 to 91 cm thick; argillic horizon that is clay loam or silty clay loam throughout
Jauriga--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a paralithic contact (andesitic tuff); dry more than 100 consecutive days
Morical--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a paralithic contact (granodiorite)
Mozen--64 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt); secondary carbonates at a depth of 60 to 90 cm; dry 90 to 100 consecutive days
Pachneum--mollic epipedon 64 to 89 cm thick; 0 to 5 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
Ralock--dry 100 to 120 days; mollic epipedon 51 to 64 cm thick; secondary carbonates at a depth of 55 to 95 cm
Rollinger--dry 100 to 120 days; secondary carbonates at a depth of 71 to 107 cm
Shushuskin--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Teewee--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a paralithic contact (andesite); 0 to 10 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
Tolius--mollic epipedon 51 to 76 cm thick; 0 to 15 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
Vanderbilt--dry 90 to 100 consecutive days; mollic epipedon more than 150 cm thick
Volinger--dry 90 to 100 consecutive days; mollic epipedon 50 to 100 cm thick
Wenner--dry 90 to 100 consecutive days
Wockum--dry 90 to 100 consecutive days; mollic epipedon 51 to 76 cm thick; 5 to 15 percent rock fragments in particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--820 to 1125 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--460 to 560 mm
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 9 degrees C
Frost-free season--100 to 140 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Gunn--ochric epipedon
Lyville--loamy-skeletal particle-size class
Munset--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt); fine particle-size class
Puuywala,
Satus--frigid soil temperature regime
Rockly--loamy-skeletal particle-size class; 10 to 30 cm (very shallow, shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly timber production, wildlife habitat, recreation, watershed
Native vegetation--ponderosa pine, some Oregon white oak, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, snowbrush ceanothus, yarrow, sedges
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Washington, Yakima County, Yakima Nation; MLRA 6; small extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakama Nation, Yakima County, Washington; 2014
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from 5 to 48 cm
*Vitrandic subgroup feature--zone from 5 to 28 cm
*Argillic horizon--zone from 48 to 150 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 48 to 98 cm
Wak'amu ticham translates to camas ground in Yakama. The type location for this series is east of an area known as Camas Patch. In 1987, this series originally was named the Dryfalls series.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.