LOCATION WAKEMAN OH

Established Series
Rev. NHM-JAG-RAR
11/2021

WAKEMAN SERIES

The Wakeman series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils formed in sandy and loamy residuum over sandstone bedrock. They are on bedrock controlled landforms on till plains and lake plains. Slope ranges from 2 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 864 mm (34 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Dystric Eutrudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Wakeman sandy loam, on a 4 percent slope in an orchard at an elevation of 244 meters (802 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots; 10 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick]

Bw1--25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--51 to 69 cm (20 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings and common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt coatings on faces of peds; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 36 to 56 cm (14 to 22 inches).]

C--69 to 79 cm (27 to 31 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 20 cm (8 inches) thick]

2R--79 to 84 cm (31 to 33 inches); sandstone.

TYPE LOCATION: Erie County, Ohio; about 1 mile northeast of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township; approximately 2,100 feet south of the intersection of Humm Road (Township Road 134) and Mason Road (County Road 13) along Humm Road, then 100 feet west; USGS Berlin Heights, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 19 minutes 58.1 seconds N. and long. 82 degrees 28 minutes 36.0 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to a lithic contact: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 14 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: dominantly sandy loam, but may include loamy sand, fine sandy loam, or loam or the channery or gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam or the channery or gravelly analogs of these textures
Rock fragment content: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2BC or 2C horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: very flaggy or extremely flaggy sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 35 to 80 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Herkimer, Lowville, Pittsfield, Reger (T), Spoolsville, and Urne series. Herkimer, Lowville, and Pittsfield soils do not have a lithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Reger and Urne soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Spoolsville soils have a paralithic contact between 102 and 152 cm (40 and 60 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wakeman soils are on bedrock controlled landforms on till plains and lake plains. Slope ranges from 2 to 12 percent. The soils formed in residuum over sandstone bedrock. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 914 mm (27 to 36 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 5 to 11 degrees C (42 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 140 to 165 days. Elevation is 183 to 259 meters (600 to 850 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bennington, Cardington, Dekalb, and Mitiwanga soils on till plains, and the Jimtown, Oshtemo, and Rawson soils on lake plains. All of the associated soils are very deep, except Dekalb and Mitiwanga soils which are moderately deep. The somewhat poorly drained Bennington and Mitiwanga soils, and the moderately well drained Cardington are on less sloping or lower lying areas on till plains. The Dekalb soils are loamy-skeletal and on similar landscape positions. The somewhat poorly drained Jimtown, well drained Oshtemo, and moderately well drained Rawson soils are on beach ridges of lake plains.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is very low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the solum. Permeability is moderately rapid.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are farmed. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains and grass-legume hay. Some cropland has been converted to orchards. Native vegetation is hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North central Ohio; MLRA 139. The series is of small extent, about 700 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Erie County, Ohio, 1998.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 25 to 69 cm (Bw horizon).
Lithic contact: at 79 cm (top of the 2R layer).

These soils were formerly mapped as Dekalb soils in Erie County. These soils have been correlated as Lordstown in Huron County, Ohio.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory characterization data from The Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory is available for ER-44, the typical pedon.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.