LOCATION WARROAD MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Epiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Warroad fine sandy loam, on a nearly level slope, in a plowed field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (8.0); clear smooth boundary.
A--7 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (8.0); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 7 to 13 inches.)
Bg--11 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loamy fine sand; few medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) Fe concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; slightly alkaline (7.3); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 13 inches thick)
Cg1--14 to 21 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sand; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations; few fine (2 to 5 mm) black (N 2/0) manganese nodules; single grain; loose; slightly alkaline (7.3); clear wavy boundary.
Cg2--21 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sand; few medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Fe depletions and common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations; single grain; loose; slightly alkaline (7.3); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 0 to 16 inches.)
2Cg3--26 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam with thin varves of clay; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; weak coarse and medium platy-like soil fragments; friable; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (7.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Roseau County, Minnesota; about 3 1/2 miles south and 5 1/2 miles east of Warroad; 1900 feet north and 1900 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 162 N.,R. 35 W.; USGS Swift topographic quadrangle; lat. 48 degrees 50 minutes 55 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 11 minutes 13 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 13 inches. Depth to carbonates and the silty 2C material ranges from 20 to 40 inches.
The A horizon has a hue of 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. It is fine sandy loam or loam. The A horizon has a reaction of neutral to moderately alkaline.
The Bg horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sand, loamy fine sand or sandy loam. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The Cg horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sand, loamy fine sand or very fine sand. Some pedons have thin gravel lenses with total gravel averaging less than 5 percent in the horizon. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The 2Cg horizon has a hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is very fine sandy loam, silt loam or silty clay loam. Sediments of the 2Cg horizon are finely stratified or laminated with clay. Total clay averages less than 35 percent. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Kratka series. Kratka soils have 2C that contains more than 15 percent fine sand or coarser.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Warroad soils are on glacial lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in loamy and sandy sediments over calcareous silty lacustrine sediments of late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual precipitation is 20 to 30 inches. The mean annual air temperature is 36 to 44 degrees F. Elevation ranges from 785 to 1350 feet. The frost-free period is 90 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Enstrom, Espelie, Hiwood, Kratka and Wabanica soils. Enstrom soils are on higher better drained positions and have an ochric epipedon. Espelie soils are found in similar positions but have a clayey 2C horizon. Hiwood soils are found in higher positions and are sandy throughout. Kratka soils contain more sand and gravel in the 2C horizon. Wabanica soils are found in similar positions but do not have a sandy mantle.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Permeability is moderately rapid or rapid in the upper part and moderately slow or slow in the lower part. Runoff is slow. Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table is as high as 0.5 to 1.5 feet at some time from November to July in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are cropped to small grain, sunflowers or alfalfa. Some areas are in pasture. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie interspersed with pockets of aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwest Minnesota. This series is not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-1 (Bemidji, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Roseau County, 2000. Named for a town in northeast Roseau County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 11 inches (Ap and A horizons);
Aquic moisture regime - zone of redoximorphic depletion with redoximorphic concentrations
Warroad soils have been previously included in the Kratka series.
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 4/09.