LOCATION WAUKEGAN MN+IA IL WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Waukegan silt loam, on a plane level slope, on a valley train, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (18 to 25 centimeters thick)
A--20 to 30 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bw1--30 to 56 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--56 to 76 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; dark brown (10YR 3/3) coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--76 to 84 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few brown (10YR 4/3) coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 25 to 65 centimeters.)
2BC--84 to 132 centimeters; mixed brown (10YR 5/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; about 15 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 60 centimeters thick)
2C--132 to 203 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; about 20 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Rice County, Minnesota subset; about 4 miles east of Northfield; located about 190 feet north and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of section 34, T. 112 N., R. 19 W.; USGS Dennison topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 27 minutes 29 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 04 minutes 52 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to sandy or sandy-skeletal glacial outwash--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--70 to more than 200 centimeters
Clay content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 24 percent
Clay content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 8 percent
Sand content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--5 to 15 percent
Sand content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--80 to 95 percent
Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, or loam high in content of silt and very fine sand
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--5 to 20 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 5
Texture--silt loam, or loam high in content of silt and very fine sand
Clay content--18 to 24 percent
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
2BC horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--coarse sand, sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--10 to 35 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--coarse sand, sand or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Clay content--1 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--10 to 35 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Allendorf,
Arthur and
Baytown series.
Allendorf--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Arthur--have a clay content that averages 24 to 32 percent in the upper half of the particle-size control section
Baytown--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loess or silty glacial alluvium and in the underlying sandy or sandy-skeletal glacial outwash, these sediments are Late Wisconsin age
Landform--slightly concave to convex slopes on glacial outwash plains and valley trains
Slope--0 to 12 percent
Elevation--200 to 470 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--4 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 1,090 millimeters
Frost-free period--135 to 210 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Kato,
Richwood, and
Toddville soils.
Kato--are at lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest periods of normal years
Richwood--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Waukegan soils and do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Toddville--are at slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within 1.8 meters in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loess or silty glacial alluvium and 10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the underlying sandy or sandy-skeletal glacial outwash
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and alfalfa. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B),
Central Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91A),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105), and
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRRs K and M; southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, southwestern Wisconsin, and northwestern Illinois
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Minnesota, 1940.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and 2BC horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, 2BC, and 2C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 30 to 132 centimeters (Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Central File Code No. 63 for results of some laboratory analyses of the typical pedon.