LOCATION WAUKENABO MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Mollic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Waukenabo fine sandy loam with a slope of less than 1 percent under native grasses. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
A--0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 9 inches)
Eg1--6 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Eg2--9 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; single grain; loose; common fine and very fine roots; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Eg horizon ranges from 0 to 12 inches)
Btg1--15 to 17 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg2--17 to 28 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Fe concentrations; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay bridges connecting sand grains; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons ranges from 3 to 24 inches)
Bkg--28 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very fine sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Fe concentrations; disseminated carbonates; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Cg1--30 to 52 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) stratified loamy sand, sandy loam and silt loam; massive; very friable; common medium faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) and common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
Cg2--52 to 80 inches; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) stratified very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loamy sand, sand and sandy loam; massive; friable; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; slighlty effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Aitkin County, Minnesota about 2 miles northwest of Hassman; 2300 feet north and 300 feet west of the southeast corner of Section 29, T. 48 N., R. 26 W., USGS Aitkin Quadrangle; latitude: 46 degrees 36 minutes 55 seconds N., and longitude: 93 degrees 39 minutes 22 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 25 to 50 inches. Gravel size rock fragments when present are less than 2 percent. Clay content in the argillic horizon averages 6 to 18 percent, but thin individual layers have as much as 35 percent clay.
The A or Ap horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. Value is 5 or less when dry. It is typically fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but the range includes loam, loamy fine sand and loamy sand. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Eg horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loamy sand, sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The Btg horizon has a hue of 5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam. Some pedons have stratified subhorizons with more sand or clay. It is moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a Bg horizon.
The Bkg horizon has a hue of 5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or clay loam. Stratified subhorizons with more sand or clay are in some pedons. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The Cg horizon has a hue of 5Y, 2.5Y, 10YR or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is stratified with textures of loamy fine sand, loamy very fine sand, loamy sand, sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are in the Epoufette, Hillview and Nowen series. Epoufette and Nowen soils have more than 2 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section. Hillview soils do not have carbonates above 60 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Waukenabo soils are on plane nearly level slopes on glacial lake plains and stream terraces. These soils formed in stratified lacustrine sediments. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 28 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 38 to 42 degrees F. Frost-free days range from 88 to 135. Elevation ranges from 1000 to 1350 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Cathro, Cowhorn, Sago, Wawina and Willosippi soils. The well drained Wawina soils and the somewhat poorly drained Cowhorn soils are on more convex slopes and are higher lying. The poorly drained Willosippi soils are on similar positions but have more clay in the control section. The very poorly drained Sago soils are on lower lying flats and depressions. The very poorly drained Cathro soils have are on lower lying flats or depressions and have greater than 16 inches of organic material.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid. These soils have an apparent water table at depths of .5 to 1.5 feet during the months of October through June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are cultivated. Adequately drained areas are used mainly for small grain and hay. Forested areas typically have trembling aspen, black ash, balsam and American elm. Native vegetation is mixed, water tolerant grasses and deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North central Minnesota. Inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES PROPOSED: Aitkin County, Minnesota, 1993. The name is from a lake and township in the west central part of the county.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - from the soil surface to 15 inches A, Eg1 and Eg2); mollic subgroup - the A horizon, after mixing to 7 inches, has the criteria necessary for a mollic epipedon except thickness; albic horizons - from 6 to 15 inches (Eg1 and Eg2 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 15 to 28 inches (Btg1 and Btg2 horizons); aquic moisture regime - low chroma, redoximorphic features, and saturation below the A horizon
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record Number MN0743.