LOCATION WAYMOR WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

WAYMOR SERIES

The Waymor series consists of very deep, well drained soils typically formed in a thin mantle of loess and in the underlying calcareous loamy till on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Haplic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Waymor silt loam - on a southwest-facing slope of 3 percent cropped to alfalfa-brome. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches) thick]

E--18 to 25 cm (7 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; many roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]

E/B--25 to 33 cm (10 to 13 inches); about 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak very thick platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; extends as tongues into and surrounds remnants of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; neutral; clear irregular boundary. [3 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches) thick]

2B/E--33 to 41 cm (13 to 16 inches); about 60 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam (E), light gray (10YR 7/2) dry: weak medium platy structure; friable; many roots; neutral; clear irregular boundary. [8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 inches) thick]

2Bt1--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; common faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; many roots; 5 percent gravel and 9 percent cobbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt2--61 to 89 cm (24 to 35 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine angular blocky structure; firm; common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; many roots; 3 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 28 to 53 cm (11 to 21 inches).]

2C1--89 to 119 cm (35 to 47 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium angular blocky structure; friable; a few faint clay coatings mainly on vertical faces of peds; many roots in upper 6 inches becoming few below; 3 percent gravel and 8 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C2--119 to 147 cm (47 to 58 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive breaking to blocks; friable; 3 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C3--147 to 152 cm (58 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) sandy loam; massive breaking to blocks; friable; 3 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

TYPE LOCATION: Manitowoc County, Wisconsin; about 1 1/2 miles north of Rosecrans; 140 feet east of road and 1150 north of the southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 21 N., R. 22 E. USGS Denmark, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle;lat. 44 degrees 18 minutes 05 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 49 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 64 to 102 cm (25 to 40 inches)
Thickness of loess mantle: 0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 64 to 102 cm (25 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 18 to 27 percent clay
Rock fragments: typically absent in the loess
Volume of gravel: 1 to 20 percent in the till
Volume of cobbles: 0 to 10 percent in the till
Reaction: naturally moderately acid to neutral in the surface layer and upper subsoil; slightly alkaline where limed; moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part of the subsoil; slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent in the substratum
Special features: carbonates in the substratum and, in some pedons, in the lower part of the subsoil

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, dry color value 6 or more
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: typically silt loam, fine sandy loam in some pedons

A horizon [less than 13 cm (5 inches) thick]:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: typically silt loam, fine sandy loam in some pedons

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: typically silt loam, fine sandy loam in some pedons

E/B, B/E, 2E/B or 2B/E horizons, singly or in combination:
E part of the E/B horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: typically silt loam, fine sandy loam in some pedons
Bt part:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
2E part of the 2B/E:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam with more than 15 percent sand or loam
2Bt part;
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: typically loam, some pedons have thin subhorizons of clay loam or silty clay loam
Other features:
Waymor soils have a glossic horizon. Horizonation has a wide range depending on thickness of the loess mantle and extent to which eluviation has occurred. Therefore there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons, singly or in combination.

2Bt horizon;
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: typically loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs in the lower part in some pedons; some pedons with thin subhorizons of clay loam or silty clay loam in the upper part

C horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or the gravelly analogs
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Guelph and Hortonville series. Guelph soils have hues yellower than 5YR throughout the argillic horizon. Hortonville soil average 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Waymor soils are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Waymor soils typically formed in loess and in the underlying calcareous loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 813 mm (25 to 32 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.2 to 8.3 degrees C (45 to 47 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hochheim, Kewaunee, Lamartine, and Pella. Hochheim soils are on areas where the loess mantle is less than 25 cm (10 inches) thick and soils have argillic horizons formed entirely in glacial till with a calcium carbonate equivalent between 40 and 60 percent. Kewaunee soils have clayey control sections and C horizons. The somewhat poorly drained Lamartine and the poorly drained Pella soils are in a drainage sequence with the well drained Waymor series.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second). Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and legume hay. Some areas are used for pastureland and some are used for woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest. Common trees are maple, basswood, elm, oak, yellow birch, and beech.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, and 95B in northeastern Wisconsin. The Waymor soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brown County, Wisconsin, 1970.

REMARKS: The Waymor series had been classified in the fine-loamy, mixed, mesic family of Typic Hapludalfs. A re-evaluation of the series concept has placed this series with the fine-loamy, mixed, mesic family of Haplic Glossudalfs. The expression of the glossic horizon varies from place to place in delineations of Waymor soils, depending upon the amount of erosion or mixing of horizons by plowing, or both. Some pedons exhibit only coatings, others interfingering, but more pedons, in a random sampling, have tonguing.

10/04 As described, the 2C1 horizon in the typical pedon has structure, clay films, and roots and appears to be a 2Bt horizon. This would extend the solum to at least 104 (41 inches) and possibly to 119 cm (47 inches), as described. This is thicker than the current series concept. A new typical pedon is needed.

10/04 The difference in concept between Waymor and Hortonville is unclear. It appears that, at the time of mapping, the concept was that Hortonville had more clay than Waymor in the lower subsoil and in the substratum. However, numerous field descriptions and limited lab data do not show a significant mutually exclusive difference. This revision differentiates the two soils based on the weighted average clay content in the particle-size control section (18-27% for Waymor and 27-35% for Hortonville). The limited lab data available supports this. However, field descriptions do not entirely support this separation. For example, the typical pedon for Waymor in Kewaunee County has textures of silty clay loam and clay loam in the argillic horizon. If the textures are correct, this pedon would average more than 27 percent clay in the argillic. Additional study of these two soils is needed to determine if they can be separated and on what criteria.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample numberS68WI-107-002 for NSSL data on the typical pedon. Refer to soil survey sample number S68WI-107-001 for NSSL data on another pedon of Waymor.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.