LOCATION HOCHHEIM WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
09/2013

HOCHHEIM SERIES

The Hochheim series consists of well drained soils which are shallow to a densic contact with till. These soils formed in loamy till, typically with a thin loess mantle, on drumlins and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hochheim silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 308 meters (1,010 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak coarse and moderate medium granular structure; friable; about 2 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 25 cm (7 to 10 inches) thick]

2Bt1--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; very firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; many earthworm casts; about 15 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2--28 to 41 cm (11 to 16 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; a few clay filled pores; about 15 percent dolomitic gravel; slightly effervescent in the lower part; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 18 to 43 cm (7 to 17 inches).]

2Cd1--41 to 61 cm (16 to 24 inches), brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam; massive; firm; a few clay filled pores; about 18 percent dolomitic gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 inches) thick]

2Cd2--61 to 203 cm (24 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loam; massive; firm; very compact in places; roots extend into this layer; about 25 percent dolomitic gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles northeast of Theresa; 1,300 feet north and 800 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T. 13 N., R. 17 E. USGS Lomira Wisconsin, topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 31 minutes 32 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 24 minutes 12 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 18 to 25 cm (7 to 10 inches)
Thickness of loess mantle: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 31 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches)
Depth to the base of soil development: 31 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches)
Depth to densic contact: 31 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 31 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches), does not always coincide with depth to the base of argillic horizon
Volume of gravel: 0 to 5 percent in the loess; 0 to 20 percent in the upper part of the soil formed in till; 5 to 35 percent in the lower part of the soil formed in till and in the till substratum
Volume of cobbles: 0 to 1 percent in the loess; 0 to 10 percent in the till
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the A and B horizons; moderately alkaline in the C horizon

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam or clay loam in severely eroded phases

A horizons [8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 inches)]:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or loam

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or loam

2Bt horizon (Bt horizon in pedons without a loess mantle):
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: typically clay loam or loam or the gravelly analogs, fine sandy loam or sandy loam or the gravelly analogs in some pedons

Other features:
At the contact between B and C horizon a darker colored and more clayey thin subhorizon (Beta B) is present in some pedons.

2Cd horizon (Cd horizon in pedons without a loess mantle):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Bulk density: 1.8 to 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter

COMPETING SERIES: These are the La Rose, Lickcreek, Linkville, Markesan, Plattville, Rotamer, Wea, and Wyanet series. La Rose soils have a calcium carbonate equivalent of less than 40 percent in the lower part of the series control section. Lickcreek soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon and more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to carbonates. Linkville and Wea soils are more than 102 cm (40 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon and to carbonates. Markesan soils have calcium carbonate equivalents ranges from 60 to 90 percent. Plattville soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 102 to 152 cm (40 t0 60 inches). Rotamer soils have a calcium carbonate equivalent of 15 to 40 percent in the C horizon. Wyanet soils are more than 61 cm (24 inches) deep to the base of the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hochheim soils are on convex slopes on large drumlins and sloping ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 30 percent. These soils formed in loamy till typically with a thin loess mantle. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 660 to 838 mm (26 to 33 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.2 to 10.6 degrees C (45 to 51 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Casco, Lamartine, Nenno and Theresa soils. The Casco soils are on similar landscapes with calcareous gravelly outwash below. The somewhat poorly drained Lamartine and Nenno soils form a drainage sequence on gentle gradients with the Hochheim soils. Where the loess mantle is thicker, Theresa soils are common associates in less sloping areas.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff ranges from low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the surface and subsoil and moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the surface and subsoil and moderately slow in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and hay. Some areas are used for woodland or pastureland. Native vegetation is principally maple-basswood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, 95B, and 110 in eastern Wisconsin in areas of highly calcareous loamy till. The Hochheim soils are extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, June 1970.

REMARKS:
7/04 There are 226,199 acres correlated in 10 surveys in Wisconsin. No moderately well drained acres have been correlated. Therefore, this revision redefines this series as well drained only. Also, based on lab data from three Hochheim pedon and from four pedons of a related series (Theresa) in the same till, the concept of the till is changed to densic material (2Cd).

Laboratory data is available from four pedons. The data shows a cation-exchange activity class of active in two pedons and superactive in the others. The data also shows a dry bulk density of 1.8 to 2.0 in the C horizon within depths of 102 cm (40 inches) for three pedons. Lab data is needed from additional pedons to verify cation-exchange activity class.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - 0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches) (Ap)
argillic horizon - 18 to 41 cm (7 to 16 inches) (2Bt1, 2Bt2)
moisture regime - mesic
temperature regime - udic.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Data is available from National Soil Survey Laboratory at Lincoln, Nebraska, for pedon numbers S68WI-015-001, S68WI-015-002, S09WI131001 and S10WI015001.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.