LOCATION WENDANE NV

Established Series
Rev. JVC-JBF
05/2016

WENDANE SERIES

The Wendane series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Wendane soils are on alluvial flats, stream terraces, and flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aquandic Halaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Wendane silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 8 cm; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate very thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 15 cm thick)

A2--8 to 20 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate very thin and thin platy structure; hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 23 cm thick)

C--20 to 33 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 40 cm thick)

Cqk1--33 to 48 cm; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) paragravelly ashy silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; 20 percent weakly cemented durinodes 10 to 30 mm in diameter; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 76 cm thick)

Cqk2--48 to 69 cm; white (10YR 8/1) paragravelly ashy very fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent weakly cemented durinodes 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter and 20 percent discontinuous weakly silica strata; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 43 cm thick)

Ck--69 to 102 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; few fine filaments of secondary carbonates; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 56 cm thick)

Ab--102 to 124 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine, few fine and medium tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; few snail shells evident; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear irregular boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)

C--124 to 165 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films lining pores; 15 percent fine and medium gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Lander County, Nevada; about 4 miles north of Battle Mountain on the flood plain of the Humboldt River; approximately 2,500 feet north and 1,000 feet east of the southwest corner of section 32, T. 33 N., R. 45 E.; USGS Battle Mountain 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 41 minutes 27 seconds N and longitude 116 degrees 56 minutes 11 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.6908333 latitude, -116.936389 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in the moisture control section in mid-winter, spring, and early summer, dry mid-summer through mid-winter; saturated with an apparent water table within depths of 71 to 100 cm during the spring of most years; xeric soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to horizons with durinodes: 20 to 50 cm.
Depth to redoximorphic concentrations: 20 to 70 cm.
Salinity: These soils are normally strongly saline in the upper profile, and slightly to strongly saline in the lower profile.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 99 in half or more of the upper 50 cm and decreases with depth.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Other features: Mineralogy is assumed to be mixed, but has a strong influence from volcanic ash (see Remarks section); Unconformable stratified gravelly sand or very gravelly sand are common in some pedons below 100 cm. Some pedons have Cq horizons that are noneffervescent below 100 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 20 to 30 percent.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 4, dry or moist.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 99.

C and Ckq horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified very fine sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam.
Structure: Thin platy or is massive; prismatic parting to angular blocky in some subhorizons.
Sodicity (SAR): Less than 13.
Other features: Strata high in volcanic glass that are 18 to 25 cm thick are common at some depth between 33 and 90 cm.

Cq and Cqk horizons
Texture: Ashy very fine sandy loam, ashy silt loam, ashy silty clay loam, or ashy clay loam modified by up to 40 percent paragravel as durinodes and silica-cemented nodules.
Structure: Thin platy or is massive; prismatic parting to angular blocky in some subhorizons.
Sodicity (SAR): Less than 13.
Other features: Strata high in volcanic glass that are 18 to 25 cm thick are common at some depth between 33 and 90 cm.
Thickness: 33 to over 76 cm, when combined.
Durinodes and silica cementation: 10 to 40 percent weakly to strongly cemented durinodes in a friable matrix and up to 30 percent discontinuous weakly silica-cemented strata in any one horizon.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wendane soils are on alluvial flats, stream terraces, and flood plains. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations range from 1,220 to 1,950 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Argenta, Batan, Bubus, Reese, and Sonoma soils. Argenta soils are coarse-loamy. Batan soils are not saturated within 100 cm of the soil surface at some period in the year. Bubus soils are coarse-loamy and do not have endosaturation. Reese soils are fine-loamy. Sonoma soils are poorly drained and do not have horizons with durinodes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained; medium or high surface runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 76 and 100 cm (moderately deep free water occurrence class) between February and July. Cumulative annual duration class is Common. Flooded phases are recognized.

USE AND VEGETATION: Wendane soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Small areas have been protected by levees and used in urban development. The principal vegetation is mainly black greasewood, rubber rabbitbrush, mustards, inland saltgrass, alkali sacaton, and basin wildrye.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Nevada. These soils are extensive with about 216,000 acres of the series mapped to date. The series concept and main acreage is in MLRA 24, while other acreage occurs in MLRAs 23, 27, and 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lander County, Nevada (Northern Part), 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1, A2 and part of the C horizons).
Vitrandic intergrade feature - The zone from 33 to 69 cm (Cqk1 and Cqk2 horizons).
Durinodes - The zone from 33 to 69 cm (Cqk1 and Cqk2 horizons).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 70 and 100 cm at certain times during normal years (parts of the Ck horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Cqk1, Cqk2, Ck and part of the C horizons).

The revision of February 2007 updated the taxonomic class from Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Duric Halaquepts. The revision of April 2003 updated the taxonomic class from Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aeric Halaquepts. Future study is needed to determine the typical amount of volcanic glass in this soil and whether a change in the taxonomic class to Ashy, glassy, calcareous, mesic Aquandic Halaquepts represents the central concept as mapped in most of the series extent.

ADDITIONAL DATA: A pedon sampled as Wendane about 2 miles southeast of the series type location and in the same map unit has full characterization data by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as soil survey sample number S83NV-015-003 (pedon # 83P0867). This lab pedon has high content of volcanic glass (ranges from 35 to 90 percent) in all horizons.
Previous authors and editors include: GJS-CEJ-RLB.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.