LOCATION WENONAH NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Wenonah silt loam, on a 1 percent slope in a hay field. (Colors are for moist soil).
Ap-- 0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine and few medium roots; 1 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 10 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few medium and large tubular pores, common fine and medium vesicular pores; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 20 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few medium and large tubular pores, common fine and medium vesicular pores; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 10 to 35 inches.)
C1-- 32 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam with lenses of silt loam; massive; very friable; few medium and large tubular pores; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 40 inches thick.)
C2-- 60 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; 3 percent rock fragments; common coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion and common medium faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Delaware County, New York; Town of Sidney, 2 miles northeast of Wells Bridge, 600 yard northwest of the Wells Bridge-Otego Rd. and 50 feet south of the Susquehanna River. Elevation 1040 feet AMS. USGS Franklin, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 22 minutes, 25 seconds N. and Longitude 75 degrees, 12 minutes, 39 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 45 inches. Bedrock is deeper than 60 inches. Rock fragments, mainly gravel, cobbles and channers, range from 0 to 15 percent in the surface layer and subsoil and from 0 to 50 percent in the substratum. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid in the mineral solum, unless limed, and from very strongly acid through neutral in the substratum.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 through 4. Dry color value is 6 or more. Texture is silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, granular or subangular blocky structure. It is friable or very friable.
The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6. Texture is silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sand loam, or loamy very fine sand. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is friable or very friable.
Some pedons have a BC horizon with textures similar to the B horizon or ranging to fine sand. This horizon is massive or single grain, and consistence is friable, very friable or loose.
The C or 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 5. Texture ranges from loam or fine sandy loam to loamy sand or fine sand in the fine earth fraction and is stratified in some pedons. Redoximorphic features may or may not be present. It is massive or single grain. Consistence is friable through loose.
COMPETING SERIES: The McNulty and Occum series are in the same family. McNulty soils average more than 60 inches of precipitation per year. Occum soils formed in alluvium derived from glacial drift that contains gneiss, granite and schist and has rock fragments of these types in the lower part of the series control section. Also, Occum soils typically have a coarse textured substratum.
The Barbour, Hamlin, Hamplain, Tioga and Wappinger series are similar soils in related families. Barbour soils have a coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal family particle size control section. Hamlin and Hamplain soils have a coarse silty particle size control section. Tioga and Wappinger soils have more than 60 percent base saturation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wenonah soils are nearly level soils on flood plains including high bottoms. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in post glacial alluvium derived from glacial drift having a high content of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 51 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 48 inches, and the mean annual frost-free season ranges from 120 to 170 days. The elevation of these soils is 200 to 1500 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chenango, Holderton, Otego, Raynham, Trestle, Unadilla, Valois, Wallington, Williamson, Windsor, and Wayland soils. Moderately well drained Otego soils, somewhat poorly drained Holderton soils, and poorly drained Wayland soils are drainage associates on nearby flood plains. Gravelly Chenango soils are on nearby glacial outwash terraces. Trestle soils are on adjacent flood plains and have a very gravelly subsoil. Raynham, Unadilla, Wallington and Williamson soils are on nearby terraces and lake plains. These soils formed in silty deposits. Valois soils are along adjacent lower valley sides in till deposits.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Wenonah soils are well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high in the mineral soil.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wenonah soils are mostly cultivated. Corn and hay are the principal crops. Some areas, particularly those that flood more frequently, are in woodlots or in brush and weedy abandoned fields. Sugar maple, northern red oak, American beech, black cherry, and white ash are species common to woodlots.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Wenonah soils are in central and southern New York. MLRA 101 and 140. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Delaware County, New York, 1999.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 10 inches (Ap horizon).
2. Cambic horizon - the zone from 10 to 32 inches (Bw horizons).
3. Fluventic subgroup - evidenced by irregular decrease in organic carbon and greater than 0.2 percent organic carbon at 60 inches.
4. Udic soil moisture regime (a humid, temperate, climate)
5. Dystrudepts great group - evidenced by low base saturation (less than 60 percent).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial characterization data for typical pedon. Cornell University Soil Survey Laboratory S88NY025-01. Additional data for Cornell pedon S84NY015-16, Oneida County, New York.