LOCATION WHAKANA TX+OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Whakana loam - pastureland.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0-9 inches, brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; few wormcasts; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
E--9-14 inches, brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak fine subangular
blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; many fine roots; common fine dark brown and black concretions, few krotovinas; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--14-24 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; few coarse faint mottles of red (2.5YR 4/6); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; patchy clay films on surfaces of peds; few medium strong brown pockets of loamy sand (A2); slightly acid; diffuse smooth boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)
Bt2--24-34 inches, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam; about 20 percent coarse distinct mottles with interiors of red (2.5YR 4/6) and exteriors of dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4); weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine voids; clay films on the surface of some peds; few silt coatings on surface of other peds; few black nodules; about 15 percent of distinct light brown vertical streaks about 2 to 5 mm. wide of loamy sand on face of prisms; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 24 inches thick)
Bt3--34-46 inches, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) loam; weak coarse
prismatic structure parting to weak medium blocky and subangular blocky structure; hard, slightly brittle; few fine roots between peds; few fine and medium voids, some lined with clay; thick clay films on surfaces of some peds; some ped surfaces are coated with brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand 2 to 10 mm. thick; few black concretions 1 to 3 mm. in diameter; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (8 to 14 inches thick)
Bt/E--46-63 inches, red (2.5YR 4/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, slightly brittle in about 10 to 15 percent of the matrix; few fine roots in gray zones; red (2.5YR 4/6) ped interiors are sandy clay loam with dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay coatings; faces of prisms are coated with gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay about 1 mm. thick; about 10 to 14 percent white (10YR 8/1) streaks and tongues of loamy sand; tongues are 2 to 5 cm. wide and taper to 5 to 10 mm.; common vesicules lined with clay; very strongly acid; diffuse irregular boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
Bt/E3--63-80 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; many coarse faint mottles of red (2.5YR 4/6); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable; about 10 percent gray (10YR 6/1) loamy sand (E); common patchy clay films; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Red River County, Texas; 23 miles north-northwest of Clarksville, 1 mile south of Kanawha, 1,600 feet west of Farm Road 410.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum is 60 to more than 80 inches thick. Thickness of the A horizon ranges from 8 to 20 inches. The control section has 18 to 30 percent clay and more than 20 percent silt.
The A horizon has colors in hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Horizons with value and chroma of 3 or less are to thickness of less than 6 inches thick. It is loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or very fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from medium acid to neutral.
The E horizon is brown has colors in hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Some BE horizons have chroma of 6. It is loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has red colors in hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Few to common mottles of these same colors occur in most pedons. The Bt horizon is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bt/E horizon has red colors in hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is loam or sandy clay loam and ranges from very strongly acid to medium acid. Silt coats, pockets, and tongues of light gray (10YR 6/1, 7/1) and white (10YR 8/1) E material comprise 5 to 30 percent of the horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Naldo and Vesey series in the same family and the similar Bastrop, Bernaldo, Cahaba, Dougherty, Duralde, Elysian, Glenmora, Kamie, Konawa, Macon, Messer, Ruston, and Woden series. Bastrop, Dougherty, and Konawa soils are dry for longer periods of time and do not have albic materials in the lower Bt horizon. Bernaldo soils have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR in the Bt horizon and have siliceous mineralogy. Cahaba and Ruston soils have less than 35 percent base saturation. Duralde and Glenmora soils have fine-silty textures and have mottles with chroma 2 or less in the upper part of the sola. Elysian, Messer, and Woden soils have less than 18 percent clay in the upper 20 inches of the Bt horizon and have siliceous mineralogy. Kamie soils lack tongues of E material in the Bt horizon. Macon soils lack albic materials in the lower Bt horizon and are more clayey. Naldo soils have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR in 7.5YR in the Bt horizon. Versey soils have epipedons more than 20 inches thick. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Whakana soils are on high stream terraces of the Red River in the Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 20 percent but are dominantly less than 5 percent. The soils formed in alluvial sediments high in silt. The average temperature at the site location is 64 degrees F. The average annual rainfall is 45 inches and the annual Thornthwaite P-E index is 78.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hicota, McKamie, Woodtell, and Wrightsville series. Hicota soils are loamy soils and are on nearby pimple mounds. McKamie, Porum, and Wrightsville soils have more than 35 percent clay in the control section. McKamie and Porum soils are on side slopes of small drainageways slightly lower than Whatkana. Wrightsville soils are in a flat wet position nearby.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability; slow to medium runoff
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for pasture. A few areas are planted to corn and soybeans and a few areas are woodland. Native vegetation is hardwood and pine forest consisting of loblolly and shortleaf pine, red oak, sweetgum, and post oak with indiangrass, big bluestem, little bluestem, pinehill bluestem, and longleaf uniola.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Coastal Plain, mostly in eastern Texas and Oklahoma, and possibly in Arkansas and Louisiana. The series is moderately extensive with a total of more than 15,000 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Haskell County, Oklahoma; 1972.
REMARKS: Whakana soils formerly have been included in the Ruston and Konawa series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 14 inches, the Ap and E horizons.
Argillic horizon - 14 to 80 inches, the Bt and Bt/E horizons.
Glossic feature - More than 5 percent clean sand in the argillic horizon as streaks and coatings on peds.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Limited laboratory data are available under Lincoln Lab. sample numbers 70L1194-70L1195 dated 2/71. (Kana Series)