LOCATION WILLOWBROOK KSEstablished Series
The Willowbrook series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils on flood plains in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). They formed in loamy alluvium over sand. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 29 inches (74 centimeters), and the mean annual temperature is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, mesic Oxyaquic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Willowbrook fine sandy loam in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 4 inches (0 to 10 centimeters); dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 12 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout; 1 percent rounded mixed gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2--4 to 10 inches (10 to 22 centimeters); dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 10 percent clay; very slightly effervescent throughout; 1 percent rounded mixed gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 13 inches thick; 10 to 33 centimeters thick)
AB--10 to 13 inches (22 to 32 centimeters); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 9 percent clay; strongly effervescent throughout; 1 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick; 0 to 15 centimeters thick))
Bw--13 to 17 inches (32 to 43 centimeters); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 7 percent clay; strongly effervescent throughout; 1 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk1--17 to 20 inches (43 to 49 centimeters); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; common medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 9 percent clay; common fine and medium irregular soft masses of carbonate throughout; strongly effervescent throughout; 1 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--20 to 26 inches (49 to 65 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 5 percent clay; common fine irregular soft masses of carbonate throughout; strongly effervescent throughout; 5 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (9 to 20 inches thick; 23 to 50 centimeters thick)
2C1--26 to 46 inches (65 to 114 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots throughout; 1 percent clay; very slightly effervescent throughout; 10 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--46 to 52 inches (114 to 130 centimeters); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots throughout; 0.2 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout; 5 percent rounded mixed gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (20 to 35 inches thick; 50 to 89 centimeters thick)
2C3--52 to 80 inches (130 to 203 centimeters); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) stratified sand and gravelly coarse sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 0 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout; 20 percent rounded mixed gravel; moderately alkaline. (25 to 35 inches thick; 64 to 89 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; about 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) southwest of Nickerson; 91 feet (28 meters) north and 972 feet (296 meters) west of the southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 22 S., R. 7 W. (USGS Nickerson topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 7 minutes 49.5 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 6 minutes 31.3 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: 5 to 15 percent clay
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 8 to 25 inches (20 to 64 centimeters)
Depth to loamy sand or coarser textures: 14 to 26 inches (35 to 66 centimeters)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 18 inches (18 to 46 centimeters)
Water table: depth is 2.0 to 4.0 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters), kind is apparent, months are Feb. - Jun.
Some pedons have AB, Ab, AC or BC horizons.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 (dry) 2 to 4 (moist)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: fine sandy loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 1 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline
B horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 7 (dry) 3 to 6 (moist)
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or loamy fine sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Redoximorphic features: 1 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 (dry) 4 to 6 (moist)
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: fine sand, sand, coarse sand, gravelly coarse sand, stratified sand and gravelly coarse sand, stratified gravelly coarse sand and sand, or loamy sand
Redoximorphic concentrations: 1 to 25 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 25 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: The
Nenzel (NE) series is the only competing series. Nenzel soils have a lower mean annual temperature and less mean annual
precipitation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Willowbrook soils
Parent material: loamy alluvium over sand
Landform: flood plains
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent
Elevation: 1462 to 1610 feet (445.6 to 490.7 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Imano, Saxman, and Yaggy series. The moderately well drained, sandy Saxman soils are on terraces. The fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal Imano soils contain more clay in the upper part of the profile. They are on similar positions. The sandy textured Yaggy soils do not have a mollic epipedon, and are typically finely stratified with loamy textures above 19 inches (48 centimeters). They are generally slightly lower on the flood plain.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part of the profile and rapid in the lower part. The apparent water table has an upper limit of 17 to 26 inches (43 to 66 centimeters) from the months of February to June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the acreage is cultivated. Wheat, grain sorghum, and alfalfa are the main crops. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 10 inches (0 to 25 centimeters) (Ap1, Ap2)
cambic horizon: the zone from 13 to 26 inches (33 to 66 centimeters) (Bw, Bk1, Bk2)
Water table: The presence of an apparent water table from 2.0 to 4.0 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters) during the months of Feb. - Jun.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Eighth edition, 1998
The name is from a community in Reno County.
ADDITIONAL DATA: These soils were formerly mapped as Wann. They differ by being more shallow to sandy textures. Characterization data is available on this pedon (90KS155006; NSSL lab pedon # 90P925) at the following site:
http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/rptExecute.asp?p=17240&r=1&submit1=Get+Report
LRR=H
4/90 Series Proposed: This soil is being entered in osed for the first time.
12/23/99 PRF: series established per Reno County final correlation.