LOCATION WINKLO                  NV

Established Series
Rev. DJM/RLB/JBF
07/2016

WINKLO SERIES

The Winklo series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium derived from volcanic rocks. The Winklo soils are on mountains. Slopes are 30 to 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 200 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Ustic Haplargids

TYPICAL PEDON: Winklo very gravelly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is partially covered with 18 percent cobbles and 30 percent gravel.

A--0 to 8 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate thin platy structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 18 percent cobbles and 30 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 cm thick)

Bt--8 to 23 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films lining pores; 2 percent cobbles and 16 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 20 cm thick)

Btk1--23 to 41 cm; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) gravelly clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; strong medium prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; many distinct clay films lining pores and many pressure faces; many thin carbonate coats and pendants on vertical and undersides of rock fragments; 7 percent cobbles and 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 23 cm thick)

Btk2--41 to 58 cm; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) gravelly clay, reddish brown (5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine and few medium tubular pores; many distinct clay films lining pores and many pressure faces; many thin carbonate coats and pendants on vertical and undersides of rock fragments; 8 percent cobbles and 25 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 23 cm thick)

Cr--58 cm; white (10YR 8/1) weathered volcanic tuff.

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada, approximately 800 yards northwest of Pony Springs; about 800 feet west and 900 feet south of the projected northeast corner of section 18, T. 8 S., R. 64 E.; USGS Gregerson Basin 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 15 minutes 18 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 51 minutes 14 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 38.4858333 latitude, -117.8519444 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture; Usually dry, moist in late summer and for short periods in winter and spring; aridic soil moisture regime bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C.
Depth to the paralithic contact: 50 to 100 cm.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 35 to 45 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 35 percent, predominantly gravel.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.

Bt horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Texture: Gravelly clay loam or gravelly sandy clay loam.
Clay content: 30 to 40 percent.
Rock fragments: 15 to 30 percent, predominantly gravel.
Structure: Subangular blocky or prismatic.
Secondary carbonates: Noneffervescent or slightly effervescent.

Btk horizons
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4.
Clay content: 40 to 55 percent.
Rock fragments: 20 to 35 percent, predominantly gravel.
Structure: Subangular blocky or prismatic.
Secondary carbonates: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Other features: Carbonate coats and pendants commonly occur on vertical and undersides of rock fragments.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arp, Bacid, Bessemer, Manzanola, Mughouse, Rencalson, Renohill, Ulm, and Wyarno series.

Arp soils lack carbonates within the particle-size control section and have a pH of 7.0 or less. Bacid, Manzanola, Ulm, and Wyarno soils are very deep. Bessemer soils have a Bk horizon with more than 35 percent rock fragments. Mughouse and Rencalson soils lack carbonates within the particle-size control section. Renohill soils have less than 15 percent coarse fragments and have hues of 2.5Y to 10YR.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winklo soils are on mountain slopes. These soils formed in residuum and colluvium derived from volcanic rocks. Slopes are 30 to 50 percent. Elevations are 1,100 to 1,710 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and hot, intermittently moist summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 250 mm, the mean annual temperature is 11 to 13 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 160 to 180 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kanesprings, Hollace, Rochpah, Wyva, and Zaqua series. Rochpah soils lack an argillic horizon and have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Kanesprings soils have a duripan and a loamy particle-size control section. Hollace soils have a petrocalcic horizon and have a loamy-skeletal particle-size control section. Wyva and Zaqua soils have less than 35 percent clay and have loamy-skeletal particle-size control sections.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; rapid runoff; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly blackbrush, green ephedra, banana yucca, rabbitbrush, galleta and scattered juniper.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 29.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Nevada (South Part) 19929.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 8 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 8 to 58 cm (Bt, Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).
Ustollic features - Meets organic carbon requirement for ustollic.
Paralithic contact - The boundary at about 58 cm (Cr layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 8 to 58 cm (Bt, Btk1 and Btk2 horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL number S86NV-015-001.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.