LOCATION WOLF POND NY
Established Series
TDT
12/2018
WOLF POND SERIES
The Wolf Pond series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in sandy deposits on lake plains, outwash plains, and mountain valley sides. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranges from moderately low to moderately high in the ortstein layer, and high to very high throughout the remainder of the pedon. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1016 millimeters and mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, isotic, frigid, shallow, ortstein Typic Durorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Wolf Pond sand - forested, on a 4 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Oe -- 0 to 8 centimeters; black (5YR 2.5/1) moderately decomposed plant material; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots throughout; extremely acid (pH 4.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 through 10 centimeters thick.)
E1 -- 8 to 25 centimeters; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots throughout and few coarse and very fine roots throughout; extremely acid (pH 4.2); clear wavy boundary.
E2 -- 25 to 43 centimeters; dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots throughout and few coarse and medium roots throughout; very strongly acid (pH 4.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of E is 10 through 60 centimeters.)
Bs -- 43 to 47 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots throughout, few medium roots throughout, and common coarse roots throughout; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear broken boundary. (0 through 10 centimeters thick.)
Bhsm -- 47 to 54 centimeters; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) fine sand; massive; strongly cemented; very few fine roots in cracks; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear wavy boundary. (0 through 50 centimeters thick.)
Bsm1 -- 54 to 62 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand; massive; strongly cemented; very few very fine roots in cracks; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear irregular boundary.
Bsm2 -- 62 to 80 centimeters; 60 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and 40 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand; massive; moderately cemented; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of Bsm is 0 through 40 centimeters.)
BC -- 80 to 90 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid, pH 5.2; clear smooth boundary. (0 through 84 centimeters thick.)
C -- 90 to 183 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid (pH 5.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Franklin County, New York; about one-half mile west of State Route 30 along Slush Pond Road on the north edge of road; USGS St. Regis Mountain, NY NE quarterquad; Latitude 44 degrees, 28 minutes, 33.00 seconds north; Longitude 74 degrees, 17 minutes, 12.4 seconds west.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 50 through 150 centimeters. Rock fragments, mainly gravel, range from 0 through 5 percent by volume above 100 centimeters, and 0 through 20 percent below. Depth to the ortstein material ranges from 30 through 50 centimeters from the mineral surface.
The O horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 2 through 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It consists of slightly through highly decomposed plant material. Reaction is extremely acid or very strongly acid.
Some pedons have A horizons up to 8 centimeters thick with hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 2 through 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction of the A horizon ranges from extremely acid through strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through strongly acid.
Some pedons have a very friable or friable Bh horizon with hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 2 through 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through strongly acid.
The very friable or friable Bs horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction is extremely acid through strongly acid.
The Bhs or Bhsm horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 2 through 3, and chroma of 1 through 3. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through moderately acid.
The Bsm horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 8. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction is extremely acid through moderately acid.
Some pedons have a Bs horizon below the cemented horizons. It has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 4 through 6. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, and value and chroma of 3 through 8. Texture is sand or fine sand. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through slightly acid.
The C or CB horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is mainly sand or fine sand, but some pedons have loamy sand though very fine sandy loam below 100 centimeters. It ranges from very strongly acid through slightly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: Currently, the
Onchiota (T) and
Paquin series is the only competing series. Onchiota (T) and Paquin soils are saturated for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
In closely related families is the
Wallace,
Voelker, and
Borgstrom series. The Wallace, Voelker, and Borgstrom soils have a lower mean annual precipitation. Borgstrom soils are saturated for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wolf Pond soils are on lake plains, outwash plains, and mountain valley sides. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 890 to 1270 millimeters. Mean annual temperature ranges from 3 degrees to 7 degrees C. Mean annual frost-free days ranges from 70 to 160 days. Elevation ranges from 60 feet through 900 meters above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Onchiota (T),
Kushaqua (T),
Adams,
Colton,
Searsport,
Burnt Vly, and
Monadnock soils. The moderately drained Onchiota (T), somewhat poorly drained Kushaqua (T), and very poorly drained Searsport soils are in lower landscape positions and form a drainage sequence with the Wolf Pond soils. Adams and Colton soils do not contain more than 50 percent ortstein and are on similar landscape positions. The organic Burnt Vly soils are in adjacent depressions and drainageways. The Monadnock soils are formed in till and have less than 60 percent ortstein in any layer.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranges from moderately low to moderately high in the ortstein layer, and high to very high throughout the remainder of the pedon.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wolf Pond soils are almost entirely in second growth woodland and support stands of balsam fir, eastern white pine, sugar maple, red pine, yellow birch and white birch.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Adirondack Mountains of northern New York. MLRA 143. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Franklin County, NY, 2018.
REMARKS: The series is named after nearby Wolf Pond, a water body in the Town of Bellmont, Franklin County, NY.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Albic horizon - the zone from 8 to 43 centimeters (E horizon);
Spodic horizon - the zone from 43 to 80 centimeters (Bs, Bhsm and Bsm horizons);
Durorthod feature - the zone from 47 to 80 cm cemented ortstein present in more than 90 percent of the exposed surface area of the spodic horizon (Bhsm, Bsm1, and Bsm2);
Shallow family - root limiting layer 39 cm from the mineral surface (Bhsm).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.