LOCATION WOODBECK MI

Established Series
Rev. TEW-NWS-MLK
08/2012

WOODBECK SERIES

The Woodbeck series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in clayey deposits overlying sands on ground moraines and recessional moraines and the margins of outwash plains and lake plains. Slope ranges from 2 to 18 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic Haplic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Woodbeck silt loam, on a south-facing, convex, 5 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

E--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

B/E--30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam (Bt); moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam (E) occurring as interfingers on faces of peds; neutral; clear irregular boundary. [10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) thick]

Bt1--46 to 69 cm (18 to 27 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt2--69 to 79 cm (27 to 31 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; thin brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid, gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3--79 to 91 cm (31 to 36 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; thin lens of yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 56 cm (10 to 22 inches) thick.]

2E--91 to 135 cm (36 to 53 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

2Bt--135 to 145 cm (53 to 57 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (5 inches) thick]

2C--145 to 152 cm (57 to 60 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Kent County, Michigan; one-half mile southwest of Ada; 50 feet north and 1,290 feet west of the center of sec. 33, T. 7 N., R. 10 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 51 to 152 cm (20 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the upper clayey deposits: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)

Ap horizon:
Value: 3 or 4, 6 or more dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

E part of the B/E horizon: extends into the Bt horizon in thin fingers 2 to 15 mm thick and is more than 15 percent by volume
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam, loam, or sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

B part of the B/E horizon and the Bt horizon
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, clay loam, or clay; some pedons contain thin lenses of silt or silt loam
Clay content of the Bt horizon: 35 to 50 percent (weighted average)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

2E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: sand, loamy sand, or gravelly sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 30 percent gravel

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures
Rock fragment content: 0 to 30 percent gravel

Some pedons have E and Bt horizons.

2C horizon:
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sand, fine sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly fine sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 30 percent gravel

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Woodbeck soils are on ground moraines and recessional moraines and the margins of outwash plains and lake plains of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 2 to 18 percent. Woodbeck soils formed in a thin layer of clayey till or glaciofluvial deposits overlying outwash or lake deposited sands. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 914 mm (28 to 36 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.0 degrees C (46 to 50 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The moderately well drained Perrinton soils are commonly nearby at higher elevations. Spinks, Oshtemo, and the excessively drained Oakville soils are on nearby outwash plains. These soils do not have the upper clayey horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is medium or high depending upon slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the clayey part and high or very high in the sandy part. Permeability is moderately slow in the clayey part of the profile and rapid in the underlying sand.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Woodbeck soils are cultivated. The principal crops grown are corn, hay, and small grain. A few areas are in apple orchards. Steeper areas are in permanent pasture, woodland or remain idle. Native vegetation is sugar maple, beech, and eastern white pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 97 and 98 in southern Michigan. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kent County, Michigan, 1983.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 30 cm (12 inches) (Ap and E horizons).
Glossic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 cm (B/E horizon)
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 91 cm (Bt part of the B/E horizon, Bt horizon).
Lithologic discontinuity: at 91 cm (36 inches) (top of the 2E horizon).
Haplic feature: the glossic horizon is 15 cm (6 inches) in thickness.

The Woodbeck series was previously included with the Dighton series (Clayey over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs).)

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.