LOCATION WOODBURY                IA+NE

Established Series
Rev. RID-RAL-RJB
06/2015

WOODBURY SERIES

The Woodbury series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in clayey alluvium. These soils are on flood plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 49 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 29 inches.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Woodbury silty clay, on 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 1,000 feet above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1--7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; very few very fine tubular pores; few fine distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) redoximorphic depletions and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A2--12 to 19 inches; about 90 percent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and about 10 percent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine tubular pores; few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 16 to 24 inches.)

Bg1--19 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine tubular pores; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2--24 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay, moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; common distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) coats on vertical faces of peds; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) channel fillings; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 12 to 18 inches.)

BCg--35 to 41 inches; mottled olive gray (5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam, weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; very few very fine tubular pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)

Cg1--41 to 48 inches; mottled olive gray (5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam, massive; friable; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral, gradual smooth boundary

Cg2--48 to 60 inches; mottled olive gray (5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; massive; friable; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Harrison County, Iowa; about 1/2 mile south of Missouri Valley; about 1,800 feet west and 100 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 78 N., R. 44 W.; USGS Missouri Valley quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 33 minutes 01 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 54 minutes 16 seconds W., NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--16 to 24 inches
Depth to carbonates--36 to 60 inches
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--40 to 50 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 to 5 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand

Ap and A horizons:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay
Clay content--40 to 55 percent
Sand content--0 to 8 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

Overwash phase (if it occurs):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--10 to 20 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Thickness--6 to 15 inches

Bg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay
Clay content--40 to 50 percent
Sand content--0 to 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral

BCg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--28 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline

Cg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--5 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 30 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carlow, Chequest, Cove, Fults, Kalona, Kings, Moline, Rosedell, Streator, and Titus series.
Carlow--are moderately acid to very strongly acid in the middle third of the series control section
Chequest--have an average clay content of 35 to 42 percent in the particle-size control section
Cove--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 18 to 90 inches and have a clay content of 50 to 60 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Fults--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 36 to 44 inches and have a mean annual air temperature of 54 to 57 degrees F.
Kalona--have a clay content of 35 to 40 percent in the particle-size control section
Kings--are in areas that have a mean annual temperature range of 50 to 57 degrees F. and mean annual precipitation range of 40 to 45 inches and have a matrix chroma of 0 or 1 in the lower third of the series control section
Moline--have a clay content of more than 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Rosedell--have carbonates within depths of 12 to 28 inches
Streatorhave a clay mineralogy dominated by illite in the lower third of the series control section and more than 40 percent clay in the lower third of the series control section
Titus--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 48 to 57 degrees F. and have a mean annual precipitation range of 30 to 45 inches, and have a sand content of 15 to 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--clayey alluvium
Landform-- flood plains
Slopes--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--900 to 1,150 feet above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--47 to 52 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation--26 to 32 inches
Frost-free period--145 to 175 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blencoe, Blend, Luton, and Salix soils.
Blencoe--are in the slightly higher elevations, have a clay content of 18 to 24 percent in the lower third of the particle-size control section, and have a saturated zone that occurs within depths 1 to 3 feet during April to June in most years
Blend--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Woodbury soils, have buried horizons within depths of 24 to 36 inches, and have a saturated zone within a depth of 1 foot during March to June in most years
Luton--are in the slightly lower elevations and have a clay content of 40 to 75 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Salix--are in the slightly higher elevations, have a saturated zone between depths of 3 to 6 feet during April to June in most years, and have less clay in the upper 1/3 of the series control section

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--a saturated zone occurs within a depth of 1 foot during March to June in most years and is considered apparent
Permeability--slow in the upper half of the series control section and moderate or moderately slow in the lower half of the series control section
Surface runoff potential--low or very low
Flooding--rarely flooded for brief periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, and wheat. Most areas are drained by surface ditches or land grading. A very few areas are irrigated. The native vegetation is big bluestem, western wheatgrass, sedges, blue grama and other species of the tall grass prairie that are tolerant of excessive wetness. See Additional Data section for native vegetative cover in Iowa.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
LRR M, MLRA 107; along the Missouri River in Iowa and Nebraska. This series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Woodbury County, Iowa, 1971

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 10 to 40 inches (A1, A2, Bg1, Bg2, and BCg horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 60 inches (Ap, A1, A2, Bg1, Bg2, BCg, Cg1, and Cg2 horizons).

Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 19 inches (Ap, A1, and A2 horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 19 to 41 inches (Bg1, Bg2, and BCg horizons);
aquic moisture regime.

Taxonomy version--second edition, 1999.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

In Iowa, the native vegetative cover is a herbaceous wetland community commonly inhabited with Bluejoint Grasses, White Cutgrasses, Fox Sedges, Oval Sedges, Inland Rushes, Torreys Rushes, Dark Green Bulrushes, Flatstem Spikerushes, Blue Vervains, Indian Hemps, Winged Loosestrifes, Wild Mints, and Water Horehounds. Source: Iowa State Office, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Des Moines, IA.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.