LOCATION WAKELAND                IN+IL KY MO NY OH TN

Established Series
Rev. BGN-GRS
01/2011

WAKELAND SERIES

The Wakeland series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in silty alluvium. These soils are on flood plains and flood-plain steps. Slopes are from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F), and the mean annual precipitation is about 1067 mm (42 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

TYPICAL PEDON: Wakeland silt loam on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 126 meters (413 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise specified.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 30 cm or 6 to 12 inches thick)

Cg1--18 to 58 cm (7 to 23 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2--58 to 74 cm (23 to 29 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg3--74 to 152 cm (29 to 60 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Knox County, Indiana; 2,000 feet southwest of the east corner and then 1,000 feet northwest of the southeast boundary of donation 187, T. 4 N., R. 9 W. U.S.G.S. Oaktown, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees, 46 minutes, 48.35 seconds N., and long 087 degrees, 24 minutes, 22.991 seconds W., UTM Zone 16, 464706.413 easting and 4292453.118 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Particle size control section: averages 10 to 18 percent clay and 1 to 14 percent fine and coarser sand

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

A horizon (1 to 3 inches), where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, and less commonly 7.5YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: silt loam; below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) includes strata of loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 20 percent
Sand content: 3 to 20 percent above a depth of 102 cm (40 inches); 3 to 45 percent below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches)
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Maplehill series which have a buried soil within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wakeland soils are on nearly level flood plains and flood-plain steps. They are formed in silty alluvium. The soil moisture control section is not dry in all parts for more than 60 cumulative days per year. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 10 to 14 degrees C (50 to 57 degrees F), mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 51 cm (20 inches) ranges from 11 to 15 degrees C (52 to 59 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches), frost free period ranges from 170 to 210 days, and elevation ranges from 104 to 290 meters (340 to 950 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are commonly the Birds, Haymond and Wilbur soils. The poorly drained Birds soils are on lower lying flood-plain steps and in backswamps. The well drained Haymond soils and the moderately well drained Wilbur soils are on higher lying flood-plain steps and on natural levees.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderate. The potential for surface water runoff is low to negligible. In undrained areas, depth to an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 0.15 to 0.5 meters (0.5 to 1.5 feet) from November through May in normal years. In drained areas, the intermittent apparent high water table is 0.15 to 0.6 meters (0.5 to 2 feet) from December to April in normal years. This soil is subject to frequent to rare periods of flooding.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn and soybeans. Some areas are in forest or are used for pasture. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Primarily in southern Indiana and Illinois, and to a lesser extent in southwestern Kentucky, eastern Missouri, southwestern Ohio, western Tennessee and in New York. The series is of large extent. It is in several MLRA's, but dominantly in MLRA's 113, 114, and 115. The Type Location is in MLRA 115A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Morgan County, Indiana, 1937.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 18 cm or 7 inches (Ap horizon).
2) Redoximorphic depletions: the zone from 18 to 152 cm or 7 to 60 inches (Cg horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on pedon number S90IN-143-8 is at the National Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, NE. Also, Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, Station Bulletin 174, file no. JE6901; Station Bulletin 222, file no. KX7614 (typical pedon), PM7671; Station Bulletin 274, file no. JN7811; Station Bulletin 323, file no. WS7908

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.