LOCATION YOAKRAN TX

Established Series
Rev. TCB-WMR
10/2022

YOAKRAN SERIES

The Yoakran series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately rapidly permeable soils. The soils formed in sandy, eolian sediments of the Blackwater Draw Formation of Pleistocene age. These soils occur on nearly level to gently sloping plains and interdunes. Slope range is 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 432 mm (17 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 16 degrees C (61degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Arenic Aridic Haplustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON:Yoakran fine sand, on east-facing, nearly level plain, 1 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of about 1,081 m (3,545 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; single grain; loose; common very fine and fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. 10 to 38 cm thick (4 to 15 inches)

E--13 to 64 cm (5 to 25 inches); pink (7.5YR 7/4) fine sand, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; single grain; loose; few very fine and fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. 25 to 76 cm thick (10 to 30 inches)

Bt/E--64 to 91 cm (25 to 36 inches); 80 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam, strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) moist; and 20 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/4) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; neutral; gradual irregular boundary. 20 to 64 cm thick (8 to 25 inches)

E/B1--91 to 122 cm (36 to 48 inches); 60 percent very pale brown (10YR 7/4) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; and 40 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable; few very fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

E/B2--122 to 168 cm (48 to 66 inches); 60 percent very pale brown (10YR 8/4) loamy fine sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) moist; and 40 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; neutral; diffuse wavy boundary. combined E/B horizons are 50 to 100 cm thick (20 to 40 inches)

2C--168 to 203 cm (66 to 80 inches); very pale brown (10YR 8/2) fine sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; single grain; loose; few very fine roots; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION:Terry County, Texas; From the intersection of Farm Road 1780 and Farm Road 2196 23 miles south of Whiteface; 2 miles east on Farm Road 2196; 1 mile north on county road; 3 miles north on ranch road; 300 feet west in rangeland; Latitude: 33 degrees, 19 minutes, 06 seconds N; Longitude: 102 degrees, 34 minutes, 19 seconds W; North of Tokio, Texas USGS quad; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 180 but less than 205 days, cumulative, in normal years. July through August and December through February are the driest months. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June.
Mean annual soil temperature: 15 to 18.3 degrees C (59 to 65 degrees F).
Depth to argillic: 50 to 100 cm (20 to 40 inches).
Solum thickness: 150 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches).
Particle-size control section: 10 to 25 percent silicate clay.

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: fine sand
Effervescence: none
Reaction: neutral to slightly alkaline

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Effervescence: none
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

Bt/E horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam
Mottles: none to common in shades of reddish yellow or brownish yellow
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

E/B horizons: (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Mottles: none to common in shades of reddish yellow or brownish yellow
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5YR
Value: 7 or 8 dry, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand
Mottles: none too common in shades of reddish yellow or brownish yellow
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

COMPETING SERIES:This is theDutekand Notrees series. Similar soils include theBrownfield, Circleback,Notrees, Patricia, Plains, andSpantaraseries.
Dutek series: is moist for longer periods in the moisture control section.
Brownfield and Patricia series: do not have a clay decrease of 20 percent of the maximum clay content and have hues of 5YR or redder in subsoil horizons.
Notrees series: has a calcic horizon.
Circleback series: have lamellae in subsoil horizons.
Plains series: has sandy particle-size class extending from the mineral soil surface to the top of the argillic that is 40 or more inches thick.
Spantara series: do not have sandy particle-size class extending from the mineral soil surface to the top of the argillic that is 50 cm thick (20 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy and loamy eolian deposits of the Blackwater Draw Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: Plateaus
Landform: plains and interdunes
Slopes: typically, 0 to 3 percent, but ranges to 5 percent
Precipitation Pattern: These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through June. July through August and December through February are the driest months.
Mean annual precipitation: 432 to 533 mm (17 to 21 in)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 25 to 36
Mean annual air temperature: 14.0 to 17.2 degrees C (57 to 63 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 185 to 220 days
Elevation: 792 to 1,311 m (2,600 to 4,300 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:These include the similarBrownfield, Patricia, Plains,Spantaraseries and theCircleback, Nutivoli, and Yikes series.
Brownfield and Patricia soils are on similar landscapes and have fine-loamy control sections.
Plains soils are on similar landscape positions and have an argillic horizon between 100 to 150 cm (40 and 60 inches).
Circleback soils are on higher landscape positions and have lamellae.
Notrees soils are on similar landscape positions.
Nutivoli and Yikes soils are on eolian dunes and do not have an argillic horizon.
Spantara soils are on similar landscapes and have an argillic horizon within 50 cm (20 inches) of the soil surface.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:Well drained. Moderately rapid permeability. Surface runoff is negligible on slopes less than 3 percent, and very low on 3 to 5 percent slopes.

USE AND VEGETATION:Mainly used as native rangeland and wildlife habitat. Climax vegetation is tall and mid grasses, with tall grasses tending to dominate. This site is dominated by little and sand bluestem along with taller dropseed species. The remainder is mid and short grasses such as sideoats grama, sand dropseed, hooded windmillgrass, sand lovegrass, sand paspalum, fall witchgrass, hairy grama, needle and thread, and perennial threeawn. Sand sage, shinoak, and skunkbush are also present.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:Southern High Plains of western Texas and eastern New Mexico (sub-MLRA-77C). The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE:Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED:MLRA-77 Soil Survey; Terry County, Texas; 1995.

REMARKS:These soils were formerly included in the Brownfield and Tivoli series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 64 cm (0 to 25 inches). (A, E horizons)
Albic horizon: 13 to 64 cm (5 to 25 inches). (E, Bt/E, E/B horizons)
Argillic horizon: 64 to 91 cm (25 to 36 inches). (Bt/E horizon)
Arenic feature: 0 to 64 cm (0 to 25 inches). (A, E horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL data available: S2010TX079034, (Cochran County, Texas) S2012TX501008 (Yoakum County, Texas).
Taxonomic version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.