LOCATION ZIMWALA                 NV

Established Series
Rev. IJR-PWB-WED-JBF
12/2016

ZIMWALA SERIES

The Zimwala series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in lacustrine sediments overlain by alluvium derived from mixed rocks with an admixture of eolian material. The Zimwala soils are on lake plains. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, carbonatic, mesic Typic Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Zimwala silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 13 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 20 cm thick)

Cz--13 to 33 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, few medium and coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores, few medium tubular; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 28 cm thick)

Cnz1--33 to 74 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); clear smooth boundary. (30 to 50 cm thick)

Cnz2--74 to 101 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silty clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.2); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 38 cm thick)

2Cy--101 to 152 cm; light gray (5Y 7/2) silty clay, pale olive (5Y 6/3) moist; strong medium and fine subangular blocky, almost spherical, with 5 percent gypsum coats on spheres; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; pale yellow medium faint mottles; violently effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4);

TYPE LOCATION: White Pine County, Nevada; Long Valley at about 3000 feet north and 1800 feet east of the southwest corner of section 23, T. 22 N., R. 58 E.; USGS Long Valley Slough 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 45 minutes 48 seconds N and longitude 115 degrees 24 minutes 39 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 39.7633333 latitude, -115.4108333 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in the late fall and winter, dry mid-May through October; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to lacustrine sediments: 89 to 127 cm.
Reaction: Strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
Carbonates: 25 to 55 percent calcium carbonate equivalent throughout the profile, averages greater than 40 percent in the particle-size control section.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.

A horizon
Value: 6 or 7, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.

Cz horizon
Value: 6 or 7, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Salinity (EC): Greater than 8 mmhos/cm.

Cnz horizons
Value: 6 or 7, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Texture: Stratified silt loam and silty clay loam.
Salinity (EC): Greater than 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR) Greater than 40.

2Cy horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry or moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4.
Salinity (EC): Greater than 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR) Greater than 30.

COMPETING SERIES: The Katelanaseries is the only other soil in the same family. Katelana soils contain 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zimwala soils are on lake plains. These soils formed in lacustrine sediments, overlain by alluvium derived from mixed rocks with an admixture of eolian material. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations are 1,800 to 1,950 meters. The climate is cool, semi-arid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 300 mm; mean annual temperature is 7 to 9 degrees C; and the frost- free season is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Linoyer, Raph and Utamar series. Linoyer soils are in a coarse-silty family and have an EC less than 4 mmhs/cm throughout the profile. Raph soils are in a fine-loamy family and have cambic horizons. Utamar soils are in a fine-loamy family and have an electrical conductivity less than 8 mmhs/cm throughout the profile.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; slow runoff; very slowly permeable; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly sickle saltbush, winterfat, bottlebrush squirreltail and Douglas rabbitbrush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East Central Nevada. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: White Pine County, Nevada, West Part, 1988.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to a depth of about 18 cm (A, part of Bz horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Cnz1 and part of Cz and Cnz horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.