LOCATION ANNIEVILLE              IA+MN

Established Series
MJM-DJP-AAC
03/2013

ANNIEVILLE SERIES

The Annieville series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in 100 to 150 centimeters of loess over till. These soils are on interfluves and side slopes on dissected till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 9 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 725 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Annieville silty clay loam, on a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

A--20 to 38 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

AB--38 to 50 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 50 centimeters.)

Bw1--50 to 79 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2--79 to 96 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw3--96 to 132 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many very fine dark manganese concentrations; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; common fine faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 65 to 110 centimeters.)

2BC--132 to 145 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; very weak medium subangular blocky structure; stone line with small pebbles at 132 to 137 centimeters; about 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 50 centimeters thick)

2C1--145 to 175 centimeters; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; massive; firm; many fine dark manganese concentrations; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2C2--175 to 200 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; massive; firm; many fine dark manganese concentrations; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) linings of root channels; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 107A-Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills, Clay County, Iowa subset; about 1 and 1/2 miles east of Peterson; located about 135 feet south and 1,290 feet east of the northwest corner of section 35, T. 94 N., R. 38 W; USGS Peterson topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 55 minutes 28 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 18 minutes 18 seconds W, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 50 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--100 to 150 centimeters
Depth to till--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 33 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--1 to 6 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand

A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--27 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid

AB horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 4
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam (in lower part)
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--slightly acid or neutral

C horizon: (when present)
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--Silt loam
Clay content--20 to 27 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C or 2BC (when present) horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--18 to 33 percent
Sand content--28 to 50 percent
Moist bulk density--1.4 to 1.7 g/cc
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 30 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Some pedons have a thin, coarser-textured, transitional layer between the loess and till contact

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Biggsville, Dinsmore, Exira, Galva, Keg, Marshall, Monona, Northboro, Ponca, Port Byron, Raddle, Salix, and Truman series.
Biggsville--have a clay content that averages less than 27 percent in the particle-size control section and have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Dinsmore--have a moist bulk density range of 1.75 to 1.9 in the lower third of the series control section
Exira--have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Galva--have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Keg--have a clay content that averages 18 to 26 percent in the particle-size control section
Marshall--have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Monona--have a clay content that averages 20 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section and have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Northboro--have a sand content of 10 to 25 percent in the upper two thirds of the series control section
Ponca--have carbonates within a depth of 60 centimeters and have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Port Byron--have a clay content that averages 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Raddle--have a clay content that averages 18 to 24 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Salix--have carbonates within a depth of 90 centimeters
Truman--have a sand content of less than 35 percent in the lower third of the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent Material--100 to 150 centimeters of loess over till
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on dissected till plains
Slope--0 to 9 percent
Elevation--340 to 520 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 790 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 175 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Afton, Gillett Grove, McCreath and Sac soils.
Afton--are at lower landscape positions in drainageways and are saturated at the surface to within a depth of 30 centimeters of the surface when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Gillett Grove--are at lower landscape positions on interfluves in swales and on flats and are saturated at the surface to within a depth of 30 centimeters of the surface when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
McCreath--are at lower landscape positions on interfluves on flats and slight rises and are saturated between depths of 0.3 and 1 meter when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sac--are on similar landscape positions and have a sand content that averages 8 to 15 percent in the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a saturated zone occurs at depths between 1.2 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second (moderately high)

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hays. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRA--Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills (107A)
LRR M; northwestern Iowa and southwestern Minnesota
Extent--small

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rock County, Minnesota, March, 2002.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 50 centimeters (Ap, A, AB horizons);
cambic horizon--zone from a depth of 50 to 132 centimeters (Bw1, Bw2, Bw3);
udic moisture regime.

This soil was formerly part of the Galva series.

Further investigation is needed to determine the structural class of the lower C or BC horizons. This till typically exhibits fractures and structural planes to depths of 2 meters or more.

Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab data from the KSSL.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Lab characterization data--(95IA041002) is available from the Kellog Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska; Iowa State University: S95IA041029.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.