LOCATION GARRISON                WA+ID

Established Series
Rev. NCD/RL/RJS
10/2016

GARRISON SERIES

The Garrison series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils formed in glacial outwash with a component of loess and volcanic ash in the upper part. Garrison soils are on outwash terraces and terrace escarpments and have slopes of 0 to 90 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 21 inches (535mm) and the mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F (9.4 degrees C.).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Vitrandic Haploxerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Garrison ashy loam - cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted)

Ap--0 to 23 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) ashy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 25 cm thick)

A--23 to 40 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) ashy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; common fine pores; 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 30 cm thick)

Bw--40 to 61 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common roots; common fine pores; 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); diffuse wavy boundary. (15 to 41 cm thick)

C--61 to 150 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; single grain; loose; few roots; 50 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 25 cm thick)

TYPE LOCATION: Stevens County, Washington; 400 feet north and 1,600 feet west of the southeast corner of section 34, T. 36 N., R. 39 E. Latitude - 48 degrees, 34 minutes, 13.0 seconds N. Longitude - 117 degrees, 52 minutes, 31.1 seconds W. NAD 83. Colville, WA USGS topographic quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depths to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.

Average annual soil temperature - 47 to 52 degrees F. (8.3 to 11.1 degrees C.)at a depth of 20 inches from the mineral soil surface)
Moisture control section - dry 60 to 90 consecutive days in late summer. (in all parts between 20 and 60 cm deep)
Depth to sandy skeletal horizons 60 to 90 cm
Thickness of mollic epipedon - 30 to 50 cm
Depth to secondary calcium carbonates - 110 to more than 150 cm
Rock fragments - average 35 to 70 percent in the particle size control section
Surface stones - 0 to 15 percent of mixed origin (siltite, argillite, gneiss, granite, and basalt)

Volcanic ash influence - 30 to 50 cm
Estimated properties of the volcanic ash influenced layers:
Volcanic glass content in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction - 5 to 20 percent
Acid-oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe - 0.4 to 1.0 percent
Moist bulk density - 1.15 to 1.35 g/cc
15 bar water retention - 5 to 10 percent for air dried samples

A horizon
Value - 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma - 1 to 3, dry or moist
Texture - ashy loam or ashy silt loam
Gravel content - 5 to 55 percent
Cobble content - 0 to 30
Stone content - 0 to 15 percent
Reaction - moderately acid to neutral

Bw horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4, dry or moist
Texture - loam, sandy loam, or coarse sandy loam
Gravel content - 15 to 60 percent
Cobble content - 0 to 35 percent
Stone content - 0 to 35 percent
Total rock fragment content - 15 to 75 percent
Reaction - strongly acid to neutral
Structure - weak or moderate subangular blocky

C horizon
Hue - 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y
Value - 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma - 3 to 5, dry or moist
Texture - loamy sand, sand, coarse sand, or loamy coarse sand; stratified sandy loam to coarse sand
Gravel content - 30 to 75 percent
Cobble content - 5 to 20 percent
Stone content - 0 to 25 percent
Total rock fragment content - 40 to 85 percent
Reaction - slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Calcium carbonate and silica - 0 to 15 percent coating undersides of rock fragments
Calcium carbonate equivalent - 0 to 5 percent

Lower part of some pedons have Bk or Bq horizons

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Borgeau, Emily, Lenz, Louiecreek, Opportunity, Raisio, Sinlahekin, Speigle, Vanbrunt and Whitestone series. Borgeau soils: are more than 150cm to sandy-skeletal material.
Emily soils: have more than 27 percent clay in the subsoil.
Lenz soils: are moderately deep to a lithic contact.
Louiecreek soils: do not have a sandy skeletal subsoil
Opportunity soisl: are more than 90 cm deep to sandy-skeletal material.
Raisio soils: are moderately deep to a lithic contact.
Sinlahekin soils: have a 2Bk horizon and are 88 to 150 cm deep to sandy-skeletal material
Speigle soils: do not have a sandy skeletal subsoil
Vanbrunt soils: are moderately deep to a lithic contact.
Whitestone soils: are formed in granitic colluvium and are 100 to 150 cm deep to sandy-skeletal material.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Garrison soils are on outwash plains, outwash terraces and terrace escarpments at elevations of 1,035 to 2,800 feet (315 to 855 m). Slopes are 0 to 90 percent. The soils formed in outwash of mixed mineralogy with component of loess or volcanic ash in the upper part. The climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual temperature is 49 degrees F. (9.4 degrees C). The mean annual precipitation is 11 to 25 inches (280 to 635 mm). The frost-free season is about 100 to 170 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cedonia, Hallcreek, Hunters, Inchelium, Phoebe, Scala, and Springdale soils. Cedonia soils are fine-silty, do not have a mollic epipedon, and are on lake terraces. Hallcreek soils are sandy-skeletal, have a mantle of volcanic ash 18 to 36 cm thick, and are on outwash terraces. Hunters soils are fine-silty and are on terrace risers and treads. Inchelium soils have a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm thick, are coarse-silty, and are on terraces. Phoebe soils are coarse-loamy and are on outwash terraces. Scala soils do not have a mollic epipedon, are coarse-loamy, and are on terraces and terrace escarpments. Springdale soils do not have a mollic epipedon, are sandy-skeletal, and are on terraces and terrace breaks.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for irrigated and non-irrigated cropland, urban development, grazing, and timber production. Cultivated areas are used for the production of alfalfa, grass seed, and small grain. The potential natural vegetation is scattered ponderosa pine with an understory of snowbrush ceanothus, common snowberry, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, prairie junegrass, lupine, rose, threadleaf sedge, and phlox.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Washington and northern Idaho. MLRA 43A, 44A. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE:Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stevens County, Washington, 1913.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Mollic epipedon - the zone from 0 to 40 cm (Ap and A horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 40 to 61 cm (Bw horizon)
Vitrandic feature - the zone from 0 to 40 cm (Ap and A horizons)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 25 to 100 cm (part of the A horizon, the Bw and part of the C horizon) with a weighted average of 39 percent rock fragments.

The boundary transition between the Bw and C horizon is more than 12.5 cm and does not meet contrasting family criteria. In addition, the Bw horizon contains more than 50 percent fine sand and coarser and therefore does not meet the loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal contrasting particle-size class.

Garrison soils mapped in Kootenai County, ID., should be further investigated to determine surface texture (ashy silt loam vs. ashy loam).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available for this soil; NSSL pedon numbers 99P331, 99P332 and 08N0409.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.