LOCATION THERESA WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

THERESA SERIES

The Theresa series consists of well drained soils which are moderately deep to a densic contact with till. These soils formed in loess and in the underlying loamy till on drumlins and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 737 mm (29 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Theresa silt loam - on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 285 meters (935 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; many fine fibrous roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

E--20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common fine fibrous roots; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 inches) thick]

BE--25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]

Bt1--36 to 46 cm (14 to 18 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine fibrous roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 5/3) coatings of silt grains on vertical faces of some peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [8 to 13 cm (3 to 5 inches) thick]

2Bt2--46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine fibrous roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches) thick]

2Bt3--61 to 86 cm (24 to 34 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint clay films on faces of peds; about 8 percent gravel, mostly partially weathered dolomite; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches) thick]

2Cd--86 to 152 cm (34 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive, firm, tends to break to weak very thick plates along horizontal cleavage planes; about 10 percent gravel, mostly dolomite, but some of mixed lithology; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Calumet County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles northeast of New Holstein; 1,000 feet west and 100 feet south of the northeast corner, sec. 12, T. 17 N., R. 20 E. USGS Kiel, Wisconsin Topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 57 minutes 59 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 02 minutes 45 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Thickness of loess or other silty material: 25 to 58 cm (10 to 23 inches)
Depth to the densic contact with till: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average): 25 to 35 percent
Content of fine sand or coarser of the particle-size control section (weighted average): 15 to 40 percent
Rock fragments in the loess or other silty material: 0 percent
Volume of gravel: 0 to 12 percent in the 2B horizon; 5 to 35 percent in the 2Cd horizon
Volume of cobbles or stones: 0 to 1 percent in the 2B horizon; 0 to 5 percent in the 2Cd horizon
Reaction; moderately acid or slightly acid in the loess; slightly alkaline, where limed; slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the 2Bt horizon; moderately alkaline in the 2C horizon

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, colors with moist value of 3 have dry value of 6 or more
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam: silty clay loam where severely eroded

A horizon [less than 13 cm (5 inches) thick]:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam

BE horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: clay loam or loam
Depth to carbonates: lower part of 2Bt horizon in some pedons
Other features:
A thin organic matter and clay rich 2Bt horizon (Beta B) with value and chroma of 2 or 3 is present in some pedons just above the 2Cd horizon.

2Cd horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogues
Clay content; 5 to 20 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bluemount, Douds, Grellton, Kendallville, Kiever, Letort, Lindley, Mandeville, Mchenry, Mifflin, Nodine, Norden, Ott, Pecatonica, Plumcreek, Renova, Rockbridge, Westville, Whalan, and Wykoff series. None of these soils have a densic contact within the series control section. In addition, Bluemount and Whalan soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches). Douds, Kliever, Letort, Lindley, Nodine, Plumcreek, Rockbridge, and Wykoff soils do not have carbonates within the series control section; Mandeville and Norden soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches), and Ott soils at a depth of 38 to 76 cm (15 to 30 inches); and Mifflin soils have a lithic contact at 102 to 140 cm (40 to 55 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Theresa soils are on convex slopes of drumlins and ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Theresa soils formed in loess and the underlying loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 864 mm (28 to 34 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from approximately 7.2 to 10.6 degrees C (45 to 51 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hochheim, Lamartine, and Mayville soils that are on similar landscapes. The well drained Hochheim soils commonly occupy steeper slopes and have sola less than 61 cm (24 inches) thick. The moderately well drained Mayville and somewhat poorly drained Lamartine soils commonly occupy gentler slopes or level sites in nearby areas where the loess mantle is more than 56 cm (22 inches) thick.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum and moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second) in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the solum and slow in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grains, soybeans, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland and some for woodland. Native vegetation is maple-basswood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, 95B, and 110 in southeastern Wisconsin. Theresa soils are extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, 1974.

REMARKS: This soil was at one time included with the Miami series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 inches) (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 36 to 86 cm (14 to 34 inches) (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey pedon numbers S68WI-015-003 and S68WI-015-004 for data on two Theresa pedons.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.