LOCATION KLINGMORE IA+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Klingmore silty clay loam, on a 1 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
A1--20 to 36 centimeters (8 to 14 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A2--36 to 48 centimeters (14 to 19 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 36 to 50 centimeters (14 to 20 inches).]
Btg1--48 to 64 centimeters (19 to 25 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg2--64 to 86 centimeters (25 to 34 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg3--86 to 107 centimeters (34 to 42 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btg4--107 to 142 centimeters (42 to 56 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine tubular pores; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on vertical faces of peds; concentration of rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter) in 2 to 8 centimeter (1 to 3 inches) thick layer in the lower part; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btg horizon is 50 to 117 centimeters (20 to 46 inches).]
2BC1--142 to 178 centimeters (56 to 70 inches); about 60 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and about 40 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to very weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few very fine tubular pores; about 3 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
2BC2--178 to 203 centimeters (70 to 80 inches); about 60 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and about 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to very weak medium subangular blocky; firm; about 3 percent rock fragments (2 to 75 millimeters in diameter); slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Black Hawk County, Iowa subset; about 1 mile southwest of Voorhies; located about 91 meters (300 feet) south and 61 (200 feet) east of the northwest corner of section 29, T. 87 N., R. 14 W.; USGS Reinbeck quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 19 minutes 31.2 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 30 minutes 49.3 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--36 to 50 centimeters (14 to 20 inches)
Depth to glacial till--102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
Depth to carbonates--102 to more than 203 centimeters (40 to more than 80 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--27 to 35 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--5 to 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Special feature--some pedons have a stone line or thin layer, 2 to 13 centimeters (1 to 5 inches) thick of gravelly and sandy materials at the base of the loess
Ap and A horizons:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--24 to 32 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--28 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
2Btg (when present) and 2BCg (when present) horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--30 to 70 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent
Moist bulk density--1.75 to 1.9 g/cc
2BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 8
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--35 to 50 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content--2 to 12 percent
Moist bulk density--1.75 to 1.9 g/cc
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Amana,
Breeds,
Grantcenter,
Joy,
Joyce,
Kingston,
Klinger,
Lakefield,
Larpenteur,
McCreath,
Minden,
Muscatine,
Nerwoods,
Okabena,
Primghar, and
Ransom seies.
Amana--do not have rock fragments and have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Breeds--have a paralithic contact in shale within depths of 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)
Grantcenter--have carbonates within depths of 61 to 152 centimeters (24 to 60 inches) and have a moist bulk density of less than 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Joy--have an average clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Joyce--have a clay content of 20 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section and have a sand content of more than 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Kingston--have carbonates within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) and have a sand content of less than 35 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Klinger--have a sand content of 35 to 50 percent within a depth of 50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches)
Lakefield--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches) and have a sand content of less than 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the lower half of the series control section
Larpenteur--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters (10 inches) and have a sand content of 15 to 55 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the lower half of the series control section
McCreath--have a sand content of 5 to 15 percent in the upper two thirds of the series control section and have carbonates within depths of 61 to 127 centimeters (24 to 50 inches)
Minden--have a sand content of less than 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the lower third of the series control section
Muscatine--have a sand content of less than 10 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the lower third of the series control section
Nerwoods--have carbonates within depths of 102 to 203 centimeters (40 to 80 inches) and have a sand content of more than 15 percent in the upper third of the series control section
Okabena--have carbonates within depths of 50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches) and have moist bulk density range of 1.35 to 1.6 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Primghar--have carbonates within depths of 61 to 127 centimeters (24 to 50 inches) and have a sand content of less than 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the lower third of the series control section
Ransom--have carbonates within depths of 56 to 102 centimeters (22 to 40 inches)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) of loess and in the underlying glacial till
Landform--slightly convex side slopes, head slopes and nose slopes on dissected till plains
Slopes--0 to 5 percent
Elevation--198 to 335 meters (650 to 1,100 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 12 degrees C (45 to 53 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--76 to 89 centimeters (30 to 35 inches)
Frost-free period--130 to 186 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Dinsmore,
Maxmore, and
Muscatine soils.
Dinsmore--are at higher elevations on ridgetops and side slopes and have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 1 to 1.8 meters (3.5 to 6.0 feet) in normal years
Maxmore--are at lower elevations on head slopes and toe slopes and are frequently saturated within depths of 0 to 0.3 meter (0 to 1.0 foot) in normal years
Muscatine--are on similar landscape positions as the Klingmore soils and have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within depths of 0.3 to 0.9 meter (1.0 to 3.0 feet) during April to June in normal years and both perched and apparent saturation can occur on this soil based on the season and intensity of rainfall during a given period of time
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderately high in the loess and low or moderately low in the glacial till
Surface runoff potential--negligible to low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRA--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104)
LRR M; eastern and northeastern Iowa and southeastern Minnesota
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Black Hawk County, Iowa, 2001
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 39 inches) (A1, A2, Btg1, Btg2 and Btg3 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (0 to 39 inches) (Ap, A1, A2, Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, and 2BC1 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 48 centimeters (0 to 19 inches) (Ap, A1, and A2 horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 48 to 142 centimeters (19 to 56 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, and 2Btg4 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Most pedons do not meet the requirements of an argillic horizon (1.2 times clay increase within 30 centimeters (12 inches).
Some pedons have vertical seams or wedges of sand or loamy sand about 5 to 15 centimeters (2 to 6 inches) wide and about 0.9 to 1.2 meters (3 to 4 feet) deep extending downward from the stone line into the glacial till.
Aquic subgroup--low chroma in zone from 19 to 25 inches (Btg1 horizon).
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.
The MLRA 104 Steering Committee approved property edits to this series in February 2004.