LOCATION LAKEFIELD MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lakefield silty clay loam with a slightly convex slope of about 1 percent on a glacial lake plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--23 to 46 cm (9 to 18 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of A horizons is 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 inches).]
Bkg--46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; disseminated carbonates; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [20 to 51 cm (8 to 20 inches).]
BCkg--86 to 135 cm (34 to 53 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Fe concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; disseminated carbonates; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches).]
Cg--135 to 152 cm (53 to 60 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; massive; friable; disseminated carbonates; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Minnesota; about 12 miles west of Lakefield; about 335 m (1,100 feet) north and 47 m (155 feet) east of southwest corner of sec. 21, T. 102 N., R. 38 W. ; USGS Round Lake quadrangle, latitude 43 degrees 37 minutes 9 seconds N.; longitude 95 degrees 24 minutes 53 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Free carbonates are commonly at the surface but range to a depth of 10 inches. The sola and C horizons typically lack coarse fragments. The mollic epipedon ranges from 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 inches) in thickness. The 25 to 102 cm (10- to 40-inch) control section typically averages between 22 and 30 percent clay with a range of 18 to 35 percent and typically 2 to 8 percent fine sand and coarser but ranging to as much as 15 percent. The Bk and BCk have an increase in carbonates but do not qualify for a calcic horizon.
The A horizon has 10YR hue, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1. It typically is silty clay loam or silt loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Some pedons have an AB or BA horizon.
The Bkg horizon has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silty clay loam or silt loam. It is moderately alkaline.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon.
The BCkg or Cg horizon have 2.5Y or 5Y hue, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. In some pedons it is stratified with these textures as well as having thin coarser textured strata. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amana, Breeds, Grantcenter, Joy, Joyce, Kingston, Klingmore, Klinger, Larpenteur, McCreath, Minden, Muscatine, Nerwoods, Okabena, Primghar, and Ransom series in the same family and similar Corwith series. All of these soils except Corwith lack free carbonates within depth of 51 cm (20 inches). Corwith soils have less clay in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly convex slopes on glacial lake plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in very deep, calcareous, silty lacustrine sediments of Late Wisconsinan age. Mean annual temperature is approximately 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is approximately 660 to 813 mm (26 to 32 inches). Frost-free period ranges from 155 to 200 days. Elevation ranges from 244 to 479 m (800 to 1,570 feet).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the Madelia, Okoboji, Spicer and Truman soils which form a drainage sequence with the Lakefield soils, and the competing Kingston soils. The poorly drained Madelia and Spicer soils are on nearly level slopes. The very poorly drained Okoboji soils are in depressions. The well drained Truman soils are on more sloping terrain. The Kingston soils are in similar positions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is very low or low. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is 4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second (.6 to 2.0 inches). Saturation is as high as 46 cm (1.5 feet) at some time from March to June and October and November in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Almost all of this soil is cropped to corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-103. Southern Minnesota. Inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Minnesota, 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - The zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 46 cm (18 inches) (Ap and A horizons); cambic horizon - The zone from 46 to 135 cm (18 to 53 inches) (Bg and BCg horizon).
Udic moisture regime aquic subgroup - low chroma below mollic epipedon.