LOCATION LAWNDALE IL
Established Series
Rev. GWH-JWS-JKH
01/2011
LAWNDALE SERIES
The Lawndale series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loess and the underlying eolian sandy deposits on upland flats. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 11.1 degrees C (52 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 965 millimeters (38 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lawndale silt loam - on a northeast-facing slope about 1 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 173.8 meters (570 feet). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--15 to 33 cm (6 to 13 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few faint black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
A2--33 to 46 cm (13 to 18 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate coarse granular structure; friable; common distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 48 centimeters (10 to 19 inches).]
Bt1--46 to 58 cm (18 to 23 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and common distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions lining pores; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--58 to 79 cm (23 to 31 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions lining pores; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--79 to 96 cm (31 to 38 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions lining pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--96 to 112 cm (38 to 44 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions lining pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) manganese accumulations throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 56 to 91 centimeters (22 to 36 inches).]
2Bt5--112 to 132 cm (44 to 52 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron throughout; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt or 2BC horizons is 12 to 31 centimeters ( 5 to 12 inches).]
2C1--132 to 180 cm (52 to 71 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
2C2--180 to 203 (71 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Logan County, Illinois; about 3 miles south and 4 miles west of Emden; 2,115 feet west and 665 feet south of northeast corner, sec. 21, T. 21 N., R. 4 W. USGS Delavan South, IL topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 15 minutes 37 seconds N. and 89 degrees 33 minutes 10 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16 282920 Easting and 4459764 Northing; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 48 centimeters (10 to 19 inches)
Thickness of loess: 102 to about 152 centimeters (40 to about 60 inches) over eolian sandy deposits; sand content in the loess is less than 10 percent
Depth to horizons with more than 70 percent sand: 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches
Depth to the base of soil development: 114 to 203 centimeters (45 to 80 inches); soil development extends 13 to 31 cm (5 to 12 inches) into the underlying sandy deposits
Depth to carbonates: greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have an AB or a BA horizon as much as 15 centimeters (6 inches) thick that is silt loam or silty clay loam.
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6; the higher chroma generally occurs in the lower part. The Bt horizon typically has redoximorphic accumulations and depletions. Chroma of 2 or less is present as iron depletions or clay films in all subhorizons.
Texture: dominantly silty clay loam, but includes silt loam in some subhorizons
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Reaction: moderately acid or slightly acid in at least one subhorizon, and ranges to neutral
2Bt or 2BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 6. This horizon typically has redoximorphic accumulations.
Texture: typically clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or loamy sand
Clay content: 10 to 28 percent
Sand content: 40 to 80 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Testure: loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand
Clay content: 3 to 10 percent
Sand content: 70 to 90 percent and averages more than 80 percent. Fine sand and very fine sand dominate the sand fraction.
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arrowsmith,
Bearpen,
Brenton,
Edwardsville,
Elburn,
Grundelein,
Hacreek,
Harco,
Higginsville,
Keller,
Lafayette,
Lisbon,
Lismod,
Loran,
Mundelein,
Muscatune,
Nira,
Raub,
Rooks,
Rowley, and
Shannondale series. Arrowsmith, Harco, Lisbon, Lismod, Mundelein, and Rooks soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Bearpen and Rowley soils have 18 to 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Brenton soils have more than 15 percent sand within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Edwardsville, Higginsville, Muscatune and Nira soils have less than 7 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Elburn and Shannondale soils average less than 80 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Grundelein and Lafayette soils contain more than 15 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Hacreek, Keller, and Raub soils have less than 50 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Loran soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lawndale soils are on nearly level upland flats. They formed in 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) of loess and the underlying eolian sandy deposits. The source of the sandy material was nearby stream valleys or outwash plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.6 to 11.7 degrees C (51 to 53 degrees F), annual precipitation ranges from 914 to 1016 millimeters (36 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 175 to 185, and elevation ranges from 155.5 to 289.6 meters (510 to 950 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Broadwell,
Drummer,
Edgington,
Ipava,
Sable and
Thorp soils. The well drained Broadwell soils are in the drainage sequence with Lawndale soils and are on higher parts of the landscape nearby. The poorly drained Drummer, Edgington, Sable and Thorp soils occur in lower areas and have gray colors throughout. Ipava soils are on similar landscapes nearby where the loess is greater than 80 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Lawndale soils are somewhat poorly drained. Potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the loess and high to very high ( 14.11 to 141. 14 micrometers per second) in the sandy deposits. These soils have moderate permeability in the loess, and moderately rapid or rapid permeability in the sandy deposits. The depth to the top of an apparent high water ranges from 30 to 61 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) in the spring in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grain, are the major crops. Native vegetation is prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Illinois. Extent is moderate in MLRA 108B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Logan County, Illinois, 1976.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 46 centimeters (18 inches) (Ap, A1 and A2 horizons);
argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of 46 to 112 centimeters (18 to 44 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006
Type Location was visited on April, 2005 to verify current information and extend the depth from 152 centimeters (60 inches) to 203 centimeters (80 inches).
ADDITIONAL DATA:
NSSC lab data is available from pedon #66IL107-001-2; lab #40A15998-6007, it is not the OSD site.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.