LOCATION NEBAGO WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
09/2021

NEBAGO SERIES

The Nebago series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that are moderately deep to clayey lacustrine deposits. These soils formed in sandy deposits and in the underlying clayey lacustrine deposits on glacial lake basins. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 710 mm (28 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy over clayey, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Dystric Eutrudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Nebago fine sand - on a north-facing convex slope of 3 percent cropped to corn at an elevation of about 232 meters (760 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [ 15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

Bw1--23 to 33 cm (9 to 13 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common very dark brown (10YR 2/2) worm casts; few fine prominent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--33 to 51 cm (13 to 20 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; common fine roots; few medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 33 to 89 cm (13 to 35 inches).]

Bg--51 to 81 cm (20 to 32 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.[0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches) thick]

2Bw--81 to 86 cm (32 to 34 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches) thick]

3Bw--86 to 97 cm (34 to 38 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; faces of prisms are 80 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many fine prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]

3BC--97 to 117 cm (38 to 46 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; faces of prisms are light reddish brown (5YR 6/3); weak thin platy structure between faces of prisms; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many fine prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.[0 to 31 cm (0 to 12 inches) thick]

3C--117 to 152 cm (46 to 60 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; massive breaking to thin plates along horizontal cleavage planes; firm; many fine prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; pink (5YR 7/3) lime segregated in soft masses; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles north of Winneconne; 30 feet west and 600 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 19 N., R. 15 E.; USGS Oshkosh NW Quad.; Latitude 44 degrees 9 minutes 12 seconds N. Longitude 88 degrees 42 minutes 17 seconds W. NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of soil development; 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches)
Thickness of the sandy mantle: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral in the sandy mantle; from slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the clayey subsoil; and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the clayey substratum.
Special features: Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation are within a depth of 24 inches. Redox accumulations are typically throughout the soil below the Ap or A horizon.

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand

Bg horizon:
hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or fine sand

2Bw horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or clay loam

3Bw or 3BC horizon (2Bw or 2BC horizon in pedons without a loamy transition layer):
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
Texture: silty clay or clay, but thin subhorizons of clay loam or silty clay loam are in some pedons.

3C horizon (2C horizon in pedons without a loamy transition layer):
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 5, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together.
Texture: silty clay or clay, but thin strata of coarser textures are in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Nebago soils are in broad glacial lake basins on slightly elevated sand knolls and ridges. Slopes range from 0 to 4 percent. The soil is formed in sandy deposits and the underlying reddish clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 740 mm (25 to 29 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 6.7 to 8.9 degrees C (44 to 48 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brems, Borth, Kewaunee, Manawa, Poy, Poygan, and Zittau soils. The moderately well drained Borth soils, somewhat poorly drained Zittau soils, and poorly drained Poy soils are nearby in glacial lake basins. These soils are clayey over sandy or sandy-skeletal. Moderately well drained Brems soils, which are sandy throughout, occupy slightly higher positions on the landscape. Well drained Kewaunee soils, somewhat poorly drained Manawa soils, and poorly drained Poygan soils occupy nearby areas on the till plain. These soils are clayey throughout.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sandy mantle and moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the clayey lacustrine deposits. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and moderately slow or slow in the clayey lacustrine deposits.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland or woodland. Corn, small grain, and hay are the principal crops. A small acreage is used for pastureland. Natural vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and east-central Wisconsin. This soil is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winnebago County, Wisconsin, 1977.

REMARKS: Nebago soils were formerly mapped as Rimer soils but the absence of an argillic horizon in the sandy mantle and in the lower clayey deposits is outside the range of the Rimer series. The soils of this series are arenic, but a subgroup of Aquic Arenic Dystric Eutrudepts is not provided for in Soil Taxonomy.

11/2006 - All of the acres correlated in Waupaca and Waushara Counties and most of the acres correlated in Winnebago County are formed in sandy deposits over clayey lacustrine deposits. Therefore, this revision limits the series concept to sandy deposits over clayey lacustrine deposits only. However, some of the acres correlated in Winnebago County are in drainageways in till uplands and are sandy deposits over clayey till. A new series may be needed for these acres.

There are 1750 acres of Nebago, sandy substratum phase correlated as a consociation in Waupaca County and another 498 acres in the Borth-Nebago-Meehan complex. A new series may be needed.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap); cambic horizon - 81 to 117 cm (32 to 46 inches) (2Bw, 3Bw, 3BC); Dystric feature no carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches); aquic feature redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation within 61 cm (24 inches) of the soil surface.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.