LOCATION STAFFORD NY+OH
Established Series
Rev. JPW-JWW-PSP
06/2011
STAFFORD SERIES
The Stafford series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in sandy glacio-lacustrine deposits. They are nearly level soils on deltas and sand plains. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high throughout the soil. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual temperature is 49 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 39 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Psammaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Stafford loamy fine sand - hay. (Colors are for moist soil unless specified otherwise.)
Ap -- 0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) crushed and dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick.)
Bw -- 8 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; very weak coarse platy structure; friable; common fine roots in upper 8 inches; few pores; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) areas of iron depletion; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
Bg -- 15 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; few pores; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and red (2.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick.)
Cg1 -- 30 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; massive; very friable; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Cg2 -- 60 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine and medium sand; massive; friable; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Genesee County, New York; town of Pembroke; one mile south of the Village of Pembroke, 2500 feet west of Lake Road and Scribner Road, 25 north of Scribner Road; USGS Corfu, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 59 minutes, 14 seconds N. and Longitude 78 degrees, 26 minutes, 36 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 25 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments are typically absent, but up to 15 percent fine gravel is present in the C horizon of some pedons. Unless limed, reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral in the A horizon, extremely acid to slightly acid in the B horizon and strongly acid to slightly acid in the C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or fine sand. Structure is granular and consistence is friable or very friable.
The B horizon has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 1 through 4, and contains redoximorphic features. At least one subhorizon within 20 inches has a chroma of 2. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand. It has weak granular, subangular blocky, or platy structure or it is massive. It is friable, very friable, or loose. Thin lamellae, more firm than the matrix, are present in the B horizons of some pedons.
The C horizon is neutral, or has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 0 or 3. It is fine sand to sand. It is massive or single grain. Consistency is friable to loose.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arloval,
Barren (T),
Carrolls,
Conrad,
Dair (T),
Forbar,
Gothenburg,
Jamaica (T),
Junius,
Norway (T),
Tihonet (T),
Tryon,
Tyre, and
Wanser series in the same family. Arloval soils receive less rainfall. Barren (T) and Jamaica (T) soils are formed in anthrotransported materials. Carrolls soils have volcanic ash in the particle size control section. Conrad soils are in stratified light and dark colored sands, and contain buried A horizons. Dair (T) and Norway (T) soils have a neutral or more alkaline reaction in the control section. Forbar soils formed in alluvium and lack a B horizon. Gothenburg soils developed in alluvium and receive less rainfall. Junius soils are neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part of the series control section. Tihonet (T) soils have a thinner solum and have been anthropogenically altered. Tryon soils are slightly alkaline throughout. Tyre soils have bedrock at 20 to 40 inches. Wanser soils are moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline throughout.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Stafford soils are nearly level soils on sandy deltas and plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The soils developed in glacio-fluvial sand with quartz prominent but with conspicuous amounts of weatherable primary minerals. Mean air temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation, from 26 to 50 inches; and mean growing season 130 to 200 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the well drained to excessively drained
Colonie and moderately well drained
Elnora soils that are associated in a drainage sequence with Stafford.
Junius soils are coarser textured and less acid associates. Associates in finer sands are
Arkport,
Galen, and
Minoa soils.
Canandaigua,
Collamer,
Wallington, and
Williamson are moderately well drained and are on higher parts of the landscape. In Ohio, the wetter and darker
Kingsville soils are associated.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is high or very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high throughout the soil.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are either idle or are used for hay, pasture and small grains. Locally, vegetable crops are produced on drained areas. Native vegetation was elm, red maple, sugar maple, and associated species tolerant of moderately wet sites in the region of northern hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lake plains in New York, Ohio, and possibly some limited areas in New England. MLRAs 101, 140, and 144A. The total area is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Genesee County, New York, 1963.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon - 0 to 8 inches. (Ap horizon)
2) Aquic soil conditions - saturation and redoximorphic features at depths below 8 inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.