LOCATION PAPASPILA COEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Papaspila loam - woodland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.
Oe--0 to 2 inches; partially decomposed organic matter.
A1--2 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary.
A2--10 to 19 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 30 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.
AB--19 to 35 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) extremely cobbly clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 20 percent gravel, 55 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 16 to 45 inches)
Bw--35 to 40 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely cobbly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 25 percent gravel, 50 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 21 inches thick)
C--40 to 62 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely cobbly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 20 percent gravel, 50 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Gunnison County, Colorado; SW 1/4 of Sec. 12, T. 51 N., R. 5-l/2 W. Latitude: 38 degrees, 41 minutes, 34 seconds N.; Longitude: 107 degrees, 28 minutes, 19 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
(Depths given are measured from the mineral soil surface)
Soil moisture regime: udic; dry in some part of the moisture control section for less than 45 cumulative days (typic udic subclass
Mean annual soil temperature : 36 to 44 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature : 44 to 47 degrees F.
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 16 to 45 inches
Particle-size control section:
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 85 percent
A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 3 through 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: neutral to 3
Clay content: 18 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 50 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to neutral
E horizon (present in some pedons):
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist
Texture: very cobbly silt loam, extremely stony clay loam
Bw horizon (not present in all pedons):
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 through 6
Texture, fine earth fraction: loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam with modifiers of gravelly, very cobbly, extremely cobbly, extremely stony
Rock fragment content: 35 to 85 percent.
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to neutral
The C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 through 7, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 through 8
Texture, fine earth fraction: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam with modifiers of extremely cobbly, extremely stony, or very cobbly
Clay content: 10 to 35 percent.
Rock fragment content: 35 to 85 percent.
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baconcamp, Behanco, Behanin, Busterback, Croesus, Dressel, Gateview, Hapgood, Hobacker, Marcetta, Namela, Parkcity, Poleline, Povey, and Tonigut series. In addition, the following series may be competitors when their classification is updated: Belsac, Blanca, Caballo, Campone, Darland, Harcany, Lionhead, Lolon, Nagitsy, Nazaton, Nevtah, Prong, Snag, Snopoc, and Splitbutte soils.
Baconcamp,
Belsac,
Croesus,
Hapgood,
Nagitsy,
Namela,
Nevtah,
Prong, and
Splitbutte soils: have a lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Behanco soils: have a lithic contact at 40 to 60 inches.
Behanin soils: have mean summer soil temperatures higher than 47 degrees F.
Blanca,
Busterback,
Darland,
Gateview,
Harcany,
Poleline,
Caballo,
Hobacker, and
Lionhead soils: have a horizon of secondary calcium carbonate accumulation.
Campone soils: have endosaturation within 40 inches.
Dressel soils: formed in material derived from sandstone and shale.
Lolon soils: have a discontinuity with sandy-skeletal material.
Nazaton and
Povey soils: have a xeric moisture regime.
Marcetta soils: have an albic horizon.
Parkcity,
Snag, and
Snopoc soils: have less than 18 percent clay in the fine earth fraction of the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: slope alluvium and colluvium and glacial till derived from andesite, diorite, rhyolite, tuff, basalt, and breccia.
Landform: sides of structural benches, mountains, valleys, mesas, and glacial moraines.
Slopes: 0 to 65 percent.
Elevation: 7,800 feet on the north facing slopes to 10,400 feet.
Mean annual air temperature: 34 to 42 degrees F.
Mean annual precipitation: 25 to 35 inches.
Wettest months: July and August.
Driest months: May and June.
Frost free period: 50 to 70 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: This is the Taterheap soil. Taterheap soils have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff; moderate and moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for pulpwood production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Potential native vegetation is quaking aspen, blue wildrye, bearded wheatgrass, and nodding bromegrass. In Colorado it is in the aspen forest cover type and grassland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Colorado, LRR E, MLRA 48A. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mesa County (Grand Mesa-West Elk Soil Survey Area) Colorado, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon (pachic feature): the zone from 2 to 35 inches (A1, A2, and AB horizons).
Particle-size control section: The zone from 12 to 42 inches (part of the A2, the AB, Bw, and part of the C horizon).
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Series classified according to Eighth Edition, 1998.
The superactive CEC activity class is presumed for this series based on the general trend indicated by lab data throughout this region.