LOCATION PARKE IN+IL OH

Established Series
Rev. BGN-KKN
11/2021

PARKE SERIES

The Parke series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying paleosol in outwash. The Parke soils are on eskers, crevasse fillings, and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1067 mm (42 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 12 degrees C (53 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Parke silt loam, on a north-facing, convex, 8 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 216 meters (710 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--15 to 28 cm (6 to 11 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--28 to 43 cm (11 to 17 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam; fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3--43 to 66 cm (17 to 26 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 36 to 76 cm (14 to 30 inches).]

2Bt4--66 to 89 cm (26 to 35 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; very strongly acid; 1 percent gravel; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 30 cm (0 to 12 inches) thick]

3Btb1--89 to 104 cm (35 to 41 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

3Btb2--104 to 142 cm (41 to 56 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

3Btb3--142 to 165 cm (56 to 65 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; 2 percent gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

3Btb4--165 to 203 cm (65 to 80 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; few light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) skeletons on vertical faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid. [Combined thickness of the 3Btb horizon is 137 cm (54 inches) or more.]

TYPE LOCATION: Owen County, Indiana; 1,900 feet west and 1,500 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 11 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Gosport, Ind. topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 20 minutes 35.9 seconds N. and long. 086 degrees 43 minutes 49 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 523242 easting and 4354910 northing, NAD 83)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 203 cm (80 inches) to more than 254 cm (100 inches)
Thickness of the loess or silty material: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 (Ap); 2 to 4 (A)
Chroma: 3 to 6 (Ap); 2 or 3 (A)
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 12 to 30 percent
Sand content: 3 to 10 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in unlimed areas, and ranges to neutral in limed areas

EB or E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches) in some non-eroded pedons
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in unlimed areas, and ranges to neutral in limed areas

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Sand content: 3 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Sand content: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

3Btb horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR; hue of 5YR or redder is present in some part
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 30 percent
Sand content: 50 to 70 percent total sand; at least 5 percent of the total sand is medium sand and coarser
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bearthicket, Cidermill, Elk, Elkinsville, Olephant, Pike, Rickert, Tobinsport, Wellrock, and Wellston series. Bearthicket and Olephant soils have less than 50 percent sand in the lower part of the argillic horizon. Cidermill, Elk, Elkinsville, Wellrock, and Wellston soils are less than 203 cm (80 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Pike soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to horizons containing more than 15 percent sand. Rickert soils have redox depletions in the lower part of the series control section. Tobinsport soils average more than 65 percent fine and very fine sand in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Parke soils are on summits, shoulders and backslopes of eskers, crevasse fillings, and dissected outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent. The soils formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of loess or other silty material and in the underlying paleosol in loamy outwash. The other silty material (2Bt horizons) consists of a mixing zone between the loess and the underlying outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1143 mm (40 to 45 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 11 to 13 degrees C (52 to 56 degrees F). Frost-free period ranges from 170 to 210 days. Elevation ranges from 152 to 274 meters (500 to 900 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chetwynd, Gallimore, Hickory, Pike, and Taggart soils. The Chetwynd and the somewhat excessively drained Gallimore soils are on backslopes of dissected outwash plains. The siltier Pike soils are on similar landforms. The Hickory soils are on backslopes of dissected till plains. The somewhat poorly drained Taggart soils are on summits of outwash plains.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface water runoff is low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn, soybeans, wheat and hay. Some areas are used for pasture, and a few areas are in forest. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and southern Ohio; MLRAs 111A, 111D, 113, 114A, 114B, 115A, 120C, and 126. The type location is in MLRA 114B. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, Indiana, 1922.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 15 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 15 to 203 cm (Bt, 2Bt, 3Btb horizons).

A severely eroded phase is recognized.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data on this pedon S89IN-119-012 is at the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.