LOCATION CHETWYND IN

Established Series
Rev. BGN-KKN
11/2021

CHETWYND SERIES

The Chetwynd series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of loess and in the underlying loamy and sandy outwash. Chetwynd soils are on dissected outwash plains. Slope ranges from 8 to 80 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1118 mm (44 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 12.2 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Chetwynd silt loam, on a 45 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of about 213 meters (700 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oi--0 to 2 cm (1 inch); partially decomposed leaf litter.

A--2 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) thick]

E--8 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (8 inches) thick]

2BE--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; common very fine and fine interstitial and tubular pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (8 inches) thick]

2Bt1--30 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2--51 to 74 cm (20 to 29 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3--74 to 99 cm (29 to 39 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4--99 to 122 cm (39 to 48 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine tubular pores; common distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 14 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt5--122 to 142 cm (48 to 56 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) coarse sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains; 10 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

3Bt6--142 to 190 cm (56 to 75 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay bridging between sand grains; 1 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 142 to 193 cm (56 to 76 inches) or more.]

3CB and Bt--190 to 203 cm (75 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand (CB); single grain; loose; 1 to 2 cm (1/2 to 1 inch) bands of brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand (Bt) with total thickness of 5 cm (2 inches); 1 percent gravel; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Morgan County, Indiana; about 2 miles northwest of Mahalasville; 2,375 feet north and 1,385 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 11 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Martinsville topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 23 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 22 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 553677 easting and 4360279 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches) or more
Particle-size control section: averages 20 to 30 percent clay and 40 to 60 percent sand

A horizon:
Thickness: 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: loam or silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in non-limed area and ranges to neutral in limed areas

Ap horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam or silt loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in non-limed area and ranges to neutral in limed areas

E horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam or silt loam
Rock fragment content: averages 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in non-limed area and ranges to neutral in limed areas

2BE or 2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR; one or more subhorizons has 5YR hue
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture above 102 cm (40 inches): loam, sandy clay loam or clay loam, and averages 0 to 14 percent gravel, 20 to 30 percent clay, and 35 to 60 percent sand; it is silt loam or silty clay loam where the upper part of the Bt horizon formed in loess
Texture below 102 cm (40 inches): sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or coarse sandy loam or the gravelly analogs of these textures, and averages 0 to 25 percent gravel, 15 to 25 percent clay, and 45 to 65 percent sand
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid

3Bt or 3CB and Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: loamy sand or sand or the gravelly analogs of these textures, with bands of loamy sand or sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 15 percent
Sand content: 75 to 90 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent gravel
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Albemarle, Allegheny, Allenwood, Arendtsville, Cades, Cardova (T), Chester, Clifftop, Drapermill, Elsinboro, Eubanks, Ezel, Frankstown, Gilwood, Glenelg, Happyland, Leck Kill, Lonon, Meadowville, Milldraper, Murrill, Nixon, Pfafftown, Queponco, Reybold, Rhodhiss, Shouns, Tate, Ungers, and Whiteford series. Albemarle, Arendtsville, Cades, Cardova, Chester, Clifftop, Drapermill, Elsinboro, Eubanks, Ezel, Gilwood, Glenelg, Happyland, Leck Kill, Meadowville, Milldraper, Nixon, Queponco, Reybold, Ungers, and Whiteford soils are less than 152 cm (60 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. Allegheny, Frankstown, Pfafftown, and Tate soils do not have a subhorizon with hue of 5YR in the middle part of the series control section. Allenwood soils do not have any part of the argillic horizon that averages more than 45 percent sand. Lonon soils have rock fragments that are dominantly quartzite, phyllite, or metasandstone. Murrill and Shouns soils have rock fragments that are dominantly siltstone, sandstone, or shale. Rhodhiss soils do not have loamy sand or sand textures in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Chetwynd soils are on back slopes and shoulders of dissected outwash plains. Slope ranges from 8 to 80 percent. Chetwynd soils formed in as much as 46 cm (18 inches) of loess and in the underlying loamy and sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 11.1 to 13.9 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F). Frost-free period is 170 to 210 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gallimore, Parke, and Pike soils. The somewhat excessively drained Gallimore soils are on similar landforms, and often part of the same landform. The well drained, siltier Parke and Pike soils typically are on higher lying summits, and shoulders of dissected outwash plains.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is medium or high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part of the solum and high in the lower part. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum, and moderately rapid in the lower part.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the Chetwynd soils are in woodland. A few less sloping areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 114B, 115A, and 120C in southern Indiana. The type location is in MLRA 114B. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Monroe County, Indiana, 1979.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 30 cm (A, E, 2BE horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 203 cm (Bt, 2Bt, 2CB and Bt horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data, Purdue University Laboratory; three pedons - Knox County File No. Kx 7617; Morgan County File No. MR 7608, and MR 7732. Two pedons - S93IN-109-13 (typical pedon) and S89IN-119-15 at the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.