LOCATION REDBY MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Aquic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Redby loamy fine sand, on a slightly convex slope of 1 percent, at an elevation of about 1,216 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
E--5 to 10 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy fine sand weak medium platy structure; very friable; few fine and very fine roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bw1--10 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--27 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky; very friable; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 14 to 30 inches.)
C1--35 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Fe concentrations; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--48 to 76 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
C3--76 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Roseau County, Minnesota; about 9 miles northeast of Skime; located about 2,600 feet north and 600 feet east of the southwest corner of section 10, T. 159 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Mulligan Lake SW topographic quadrangle; lat 48 degrees 36 minutes 18 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 24 minutes 19 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonates ranges from 30 to 80 inches. The depth to horizons with distinct or prominent redoximorphic features is less than 20 inches. The series control section contains less than 2 percent rock fragments which are 2 to 5mm in diameter. The texture in the particle-size control section is fine sand with less than 15 percent of coarse sand and coarser and 25 percent or less medium sand or coarser. The reaction of the series control section is strongly acid or slightly acid in the upper part and slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part. The soil moisture control section is dry for 20 to 35 consecutive days at some time during the 120 days following the summer solstice in most years.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is loamy fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand or sand. Some pedons have an Ap horizon with value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is fine sand, loamy fine sand, sand or loamy sand. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid. Some pedons have redoximorphic features in this horizon.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is fine sand, or sand. It has redoximorphic features in all parts. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sand or sand. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have a 2C horizon with stratified textures of fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, fine sand, or sand. Hue is 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aylmer, Clearriver, Hiwood, Lino, Manistique (T), Meehan, Perchlake, Poppleton, Rushlake, Sciota, and Winterfield series. The Aylmer soils have a reaction of neutral or higher in all of the series control section. The Clearriver and Perchlake soils average more than 2 percent rock fragments in the series control section and have a thin zone of clay accumulation (Bt) in the series control section. The Hiwood soils do not have redoximorphic features within 20 inches. The Lino soils are substantially wetter in the soil moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice. The Manistique (T) soils have lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. The Meehan soils contain more than 25 percent medium sand and coarser in the series control section. The moderately well drained Poppleton soils do not have redoximorphic concentrations with hue 5YR or redder in the B horizon. The Rushlake soils have pH of 7.4 or higher in the series control section and have more than 5 percent rock fragments. The Scioto soils are dry for less than 20 consecutive days at some time during the 120 days following the summer solstice in most years. Winterfield soils are on flood plains and have an irregular decrease in organic carbon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane to slightly convex slopes with gradient of 0 to 3 percent on glacial lake plains, deltas and outwash plains. They formed in sandy glacial outwash or lacustrine, deep fine sand or sand sediments of Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Mean annual air temperature is 37 to 42 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 19 to 28 inches. Frost-free period ranges from 90 to 140 days. Elevation ranges from 785 to 1,600 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Clearriver, Cormant, Deerwood, Hiwood, Leafriver, and Markey and Poppleton soils. The moderately well drained Clearriver, Hiwood and Poppleton soils are on slightly higher landscape positions. The Cormant soils are poorly and very poorly drained and have nearly level or level plane or slightly concave slopes. The very poorly drained Deerwood, Leafriver and Markey soils formed in organic material over sand and are in lower lying areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is rapid. Depth to seasonal high saturation is 1.5 feet during the months of April to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Some areas are cultivated growing small grains, hay, or are in pasture. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Major trees are aspen, jack pine and red pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern and north central Minnesota, primarily the Glacial Lake Agassiz plain. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kittson County, Minnesota, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: ochric epipedon - zone from the surface to a depth of 10 inches (A and E horizons); albic horizon - zone from 5 to 10 inches (E horizon); udic moisture regime; aquic subgroup - low chroma above a depth of 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MAES Central File Code No. 1190, 1197, 1517, and 1518 for results of some laboratory analysis of pedons of this series.