LOCATION PERCHLAKE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Aquic Udipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Perchlake loamy fine sand, on a 1 percent slope, in a plowed field, at an elevation of 925 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate coarse granular structure; very friable; many very fine to medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 12 inches thick)
Bw--9 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 1 percent gravel; common coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 25 inches thick)
E & Bt--18 to 42 inches; about 97 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand (E); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 3 percent lamellae (Bt) consisting of one brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand lamella 2 mm thick and one grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loamy sand lamella 15mm thick (the 2 chroma is the result of iron depletion); few very fine and fine roots; few distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay bridges between sand grains; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
2Btg--42 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. This horizon has very thin (1mm thick) strata of clay. (0 to 5 inches thick)
3C1--46 to 55 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sand; single grain; loose; 1 percent gravel; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3C2--55 to 68 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sand; single grain; loose; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3C3--68 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Burnett County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles east of Grantsburg; 20 feet north and 900 feet east of the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 38 N., R. 18 W.; USGS Falun quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 46 minutes 21 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 35 minutes 35 seconds W.; NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is greater than 60 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the pedon. Redox depletions with a chroma of 2 or less are within 30 inches. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent throughout the pedon. These soils have either a E & Bt, Bt, 2Bt, or 2Btg horizon or any combination of those horizons, but the total thickness of illuvial layers is less than 6 inches.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 4 and chroma of 1 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 to 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Some pedons have a thin Oe or Oa horizon of decomposed leaf litter with colors similar to the A horizon.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand.
The E part of the E & Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loamy fine sand, sand or fine sand. The Bt part has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 6. Texture is loamy sand or loamy fine sand, but may be sand or fine sand with a high clay content. The total thickness of the lamellae ranges from 1/16 to 5 inches.
Some pedons have a Bt horizon which has colors and textures similar to the Bt part of the E&Bt horizon.
The 2Btg horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay. It is at depths of 40 inches or more.
The 3C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is sand, loamy sand or fine sand. Some pedons have thin strata of sandy loam, loam or clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aylmer, Barber, Clearriver, Hiwood, Lino, Manistique, Meehan, Poppleton, Redby, Rushlake, Sciota and Winterfield series. Aylmer, Barber, Hiwood, Lino, Manistique, Meehan, Poppelton, Redby, Rushlake, Sciota and Winterfield do not have lamellae in the series control section. Manistique soils have a lithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Clearriver, Poppleton, Redby, and Rushlake have carbonates in the series control section. Winterfield soils have an irregular decrease in organic carbon with increasing depth.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Perchlake soils are on concave to plane slopes on outwash plains and glacial lake plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 3 percent. Perchlake soils formed in sandy outwash or lacustrine deposits. Mean annual temperature is about 41 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches. The frost free period is estimated to range from about 110 to 130 days. Elevation ranges from 900 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Crex, Freya, Graycalm, Grettum, Newson, and Smestad soils. The somewhat excessively drained Graycalm and moderately well drained Grettum soils are in the catena with the Perchlake soils. The somewhat poorly drained Freya and Smestad soils are on similar landscape positions, and have thick clay horizons. The moderately well drained Crex soils are on slightly higher landscape positions and the poorly drained Newson soils are on slightly lower landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is negligible. Permeability is rapid or moderately rapid. This soil has a seasonal apparent high watertable at a depth of 1 to 2 feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period of October to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is used for cropland and are used for general farming with corn, oats, and hay as the main crops grown. Wooded areas have aspen and red maple as the major forest species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin. This soil is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washburn County, Wisconsin, 2003. Source of the name is a lake in Burnett County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon);
aquic feature - redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less within 30 inches;
frigid temperature regime.