LOCATION WHEELING WV+IL IN KY MD OH PA VA
Established Series
DDC, SLH/Rev. MDJ
02/2018
WHEELING SERIES
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wheeling silt loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise indicated.)
Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (20 to 30 cm thick)
E--25 to 36 cm (10 to 14 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)
Bt--36 to 86 cm (14 to 34 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (46 to 61 cm thick)
BC1--86 to 147 cm (34 to 58 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very fine sandy loam; few distinct streaks and spots of brown (7.5YR 5/4); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films in pores in upper part of horizon; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 76 cm thick)
2BC2--147 to 152 cm (58 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/2) very gravelly sandy loam; very weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct clay films on sand grains with clay bridges between sand grains; strongly acid; diffuse boundary. (5 to 20 cm thick)
2C--152 to 183 cm (60 to 72 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) stratified very gravelly sand composed of sandstone, shale, and quartzite; single grain; loose; strongly acid. (31 to 122 cm thick)
TYPE LOCATION:
County: Wood
State: West Virginia
USGS Quadrangle: Marietta, Ohio
Latitude (Decimal Degrees, WGS84): 39.388917 N
Longitude (Decimal Degrees, WGS84): -81.418222 W
Directions to the pedon: In a gravel pit at the edge of a hayfield, two miles southeast of the Marietta Bridge and within 300 feet of Ohio River, opposite Buckley Island.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: 20 to 46 cm (8 to 18 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic: 66 to 107 cm (26 to 42 inches)
Solum Thickness: 102 to 152 cm or more (40 to 60 inches or more)
Depth Class: Very deep
Depth to Lithologic Discontinuity: 66 to 183 cm (26 to 72 inches)
Rock Fragment Content: 0 to 34 percent, by volume, in the solum, 10 to 40 percent, by volume, in the BC or 2BC horizon, and 10 to 65 percent, by volume, in the C or 2C horizon. Rock fragments are commonly quartz, granite, and other rocks associated with glacial outwash.
Soil Reaction: Strongly acid through moderately acid throughout the profile, where not limed
Content of Mica: In some areas there are noticeable mica flakes throughout the profile.
Fine-Earth Fraction: Averages 18 to 30 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Range of Individual Horizons:
A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 through 4
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or silt loam
BA or BE horizons (if they occur):
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam or silt loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
BC or 2BC horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--very fine sandy loam or sandy loam
C or 2C horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--commonly stratified in textures of sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sand, and very fine to medium grained sand
COMPETING SERIES:
Cateache soils--formed in residuum, have Bt horizons with hue redder than 7.5YR, and solum thickness and depth to bedrock of less than 40 inches.
Culleoka soils--formed in residuum and have solum thickness and depth to bedrock of less than 40 inches.
Frondorf soils--contain channers in the substratum and have solum thickness and depth to bedrock of less than 40 inches.
Grayford soils--have bedrock at a depth of less than 60 inches and contain more clay in the lower solum.
Hayter soils--formed in colluvium weathered from sandstone, shale, and minor amounts of limestone and have high chroma mottles throughout the Bt horizon.
Kell soils--formed in loamy drift over residuum and have paralithic contact at less than 40 inches.
Loudonville soils--formed in glacial till and have solum thickness and depth to bedrock of less than 40 inches.
Mechanicsburg soils--formed in glacial till and have solum thickness of less than 40 inches.
Morrison soils--formed in residuum and have argillic horizons which extend below 40 inches.
Westmoreland soils--formed in residuum and have solum thickness of less than 40 inches.
Williamsburg soils--have solum thickness greater than 60 inches and have evidence of degradation above and in the upper part of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
MLRA(s) using this series: 111E, 114A, 114B, 120A, 120B, 120C, 121, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130A, 139, 147, 148
Landscape: Valleys
Landform: Terraces
Geomorphic Component: Tread
Parent Material Kind: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits
Slope: Dominantly 0 to 8 percent, but range to 55 percent along the breaks between terrace levels and in local dissected areas
Elevation: 149 to 459 meters (489 to 1506 feet)
Frost-free period: 110 to 225 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 8.9 to 15.2 degrees C. (48 to 59 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 866 to 1344 millimeters (34 to 53 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Allegheny soils--occur on stream terraces and alluvial fans, have a base saturation of less than 35 percent, and are not underlain by glacial outwash
Ashton soils--occur on stream terraces and alluvial fans, have a thick dark surface, and are higher in silt content
Chavies soils--occur on terraces and have less than 18 percent clay
Duncannon soils--occur on uplands and terraces which are generally dune-like in appearance (suggesting a windblown origin), are adjacent to the residual hillsides at the edges of river valleys, and are coarse-silty
Gallipolis soils--occur on terraces and are moderately well drained
Ginat soils--occur in depressions on terraces and are poorly drained
Huntington soils--occur on flood plains, have a thick dark surface, and do not have an argillic horizon
Lakin soils--occur on leeward terraces of main stream valleys, are sandy, and contain lamellae
Sciotoville soils--occur on old terraces, are moderately well drained, and have a fragipan
Weinbach soils--occur on old terraces, are somewhat poorly drained, and have a fragipan
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence: None
Index Surface Runoff: Low to Medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high in the subsoil and high in the substratum
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderate in the subsoil and rapid in the substratum
Shrink-swell Class: Low
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None to rare
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Cropland, hayland, pastureland, and urbanland
Dominant Vegetation: Where cultivated--Corn, wheat, soybeans, oats, tobacco, bluegrass, clover, and alfalfa. Where wooded--Oaks, hickory, maple, and walnut.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: West Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland
Extent: Large, about 1.7 million acres at the time of this revision
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ohio County, West Virginia, 1906.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 36 cm (Ap and E horizons)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 36 to 86 cm (Bt horizon)
Other soil features identified with this pedon:
Lithologic discontinuity--the zone from 147 to 183 cm (2BC and 2C horizons)
Series control section--the zone from 0 to 150 cm (0 to 60 inches)
This edit updates the 10/2003 revision by ART-FDC
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data is available from the KSSL for the following pedons:
S57WV053003, S57WV053004, S02-WV051-002, 90KY-135-012, 5-17-00-002
Characterization data is available from the Ohio State University Soil Characterization Laboratory for the following pedons:
1955-OH053-S01, 1955-OH053-S02, 1955-OH167-S01, 1955-OH167-S02, 1967-OH167-010, 1986-OH145-015
Characterization data is available from the West Virginia University Soil Characterization Laboratory for the following pedons:
4-20-99, 6-22-00-006
________________________________________
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.