LOCATION AMSTERDAM MTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Amsterdam silty loam, cultivated (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine and very fine granular structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--8 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine blocky; very hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bw2--10 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty loam; dark brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium blocky; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; neutral (pH 6.9); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bk1--15 to 20 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many fine pores; few soft masses of lime; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
Bk2--20 to 28 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) silt loam; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many fine pores; many soft masses and threads of lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); diffuse wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
2Bk3--28 to 42 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) very fine sandy loam; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive breaking to weak plates; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; many fine pores; common soft masses and threads of lime; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); diffuse boundary. (12 to 16 inches thick)
2C--42 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) very fine sandy loam; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive breaking to plates; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Gallatin County, Montana; 500 feet north and 2,440 feet east of the SW corner of sec. 7, T. 2 S., R. 5 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 40 to 45 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 15 inches.
Depth to Bk horizon - 10 to 22 inches.
NOTE - Volcanic ash influence begins at a depth of 24 to 32 inches.
Ap horizon - Value: 3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.3
Bw1 horizon - Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bw2 horizon - Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bk1 horizon - Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5, 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
Bk2 horizon - Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5, 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 8.4
2Bk3 horizon - Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5, 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silt clay loam, and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 15 to 35 percent
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 8.4
NOTE: This horizon contains volcanic ash material or is influenced by volcanic ash.
2C horizon - Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5, 6 or 7 dry; 4, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam and very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 20 percent
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 8.4
NOTE: This horizon contains volcanic ash material or is influenced by volcanic ash.
COMPETING SERIES:
Bryant (SD) - does not have volcanic ash influence.
Golva (ND) - does not have volcanic ash influence.
Omio (ND) - has a paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches.
Peritsa (MT) - has a paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches.
Sen (ND) - has a paralithic contact at 20 to 40 inches.
Temvik (ND) - does not have volcanic ash influence.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans, stream terraces and lake terraces.
Elevation - 4,000 to 6,000 feet.
Slope - 0 to 25 percent.
Parent material - alluvium, lacustrine, or loess deposited materials mixed with volcanic ash.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 15 to 19 inches.
Mean annual temperature - 38 to 43 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 90 to 110 days.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Amsterdam soils are used mainly for irrigated cropland and nonirrigated cropland; some in grass. Potential native vegetation is mainly
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Amsterdam soils are of moderate extent in intermountain valleys of southwestern Montana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gallatin Valley Area, Montana, 1931.
REMARKS: Soil Interpretations Record: MT0499. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: a mollic epipedon from the soil surfaces to 10 inches (Ap, Bw1 horizons); a cambic horizon from 10 to 15 inches (Bw2 horizon); horizon of secondary carbonate accumulation from 15 to 20 inches (Bk1 horizon); calcic horizon from 20 to 42 inches (Bk2, 2Bk3 horizons); a particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches (Bw2, Bk1, Bk2, 2Bk3 horizons). Amsterdam soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime. Laboratory Data: S71MT-31-2.